Piraustins
Pyraustinae  | |
|---|---|
 Eurrhypara hortulata | |
| Taxonomia | |
| Superregne | Holozoa |
| Regne | Animalia |
| Fílum | Arthropoda |
| Classe | Insecta |
| Ordre | Lepidoptera |
| Família | Crambidae |
| Subfamília | Pyraustinae Meyrick, 1890 Pyraustinae |
Els piraustins (Pyraustinae) són una gran subfamília de lepidòpters ditrisis de la família dels cràmbids (Crambidae).[1] Actualment inclou més de 1.400 espècies, la majoria tropicals, però algunes es troben en regions temperades, incloses Amèrica del Nord i Europa.
Els Pyraustinae incloïen originalment els Spilomelinae; el grup actual era llavors considerat com una tribu Pyraustini. Encara no s'ha establert completament quins tàxons del Pyraustinae sensu lato pertanyen a Pyraustinae tal com s'entén actualment; per tant, augmenta el nombre d'espècies d'aquesta subfamília (encara que els Spilomelinae són el grup més gran de l'antiga Pyraustinae).
Les opinions dels taxonòmics difereixen quant a la correcta col·locació dels Crambidae; algunes autoritats que els tracten com a subfamília (Crambinae) de la família Pyralidae. Si això es fa, Pyraustinae normalment es tracta com una subfamília separada dins dels Pyralidae.
Els Pyraustinae es caracteritzen per tindre la spinula atrofiada i les vènules en els òrgans timpanals, un estret fornix tympani, una ranura longitudinal amb escates androconals a les tíbies mesotoràciques masculines, un antrum sovint espinós, i un sella (un ganivet dirigit medialament a l'interior del pterogòpode), i un editum amb setae modificades als pterogòpodes masculins.
Moltes espècies tenen larves que s'alimenten de tiges i fruites de plantes, i diverses, principalment del gènere Ostrinia, són plagues agrícoles greus.
Gèneres
- Acellalis Pagenstecher, 1884
- Achyra Guenée, 1849 (= Achiria Sherborn, 1932, Achyria Sherborn, 1932, Dosara Walker, 1859, Eurycreon Lederer, 1863, Tritaea Meyrick, 1884)
- Acropentias Meyrick, 1890
- Adoxobotys Munroe, 1978
- Aeolosma Meyrick, 1938
- Aglaops Warren, 1892 (= Xanthopsamma Munroe & Mutuura, 1968)
- Ametrea Munroe, 1964
- Anamalaia Munroe & Mutuura, 1969
- Anania Hübner, 1823 (= Algedonia Lederer, 1863, Mutuuraia Munroe, 1976, Nealgedonia Munroe, 1976, Ametasia M. O. Martin, 1986, Ebulea Doubleday, 1849, Ennychia Treitschke, 1828, Ennichia Duponchel, 1833, Ethiobotys Maes, 1997, Eurrhypara Hübner, 1825, Palpita Hübner, 1806, Proteurrhypara Munroe & Mutuura, 1969, Opsibotys Warren, 1890, Perinephela Hübner, 1825, Perinephele Hübner, 1826, Perinephila Hampson, 1897, Phlyctaenia Hübner, 1825, Polyctaenia Hübner, 1826, Pronomis Munroe & Mutuura, 1968, Tenerobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1971, Trichovalva Amsel, 1956, Udonomeiga Mutuura, 1954)
- Ancyloptila Meyrick, 1889
- Aplectropus Hampson in Walsingham & Hampson, 1896
- Aponia Munroe, 1964
- Arenochroa Munroe, 1976
- Arunamalaia Rose & Kirti, 1987
- Asphadastis Meyrick, 1934
- Atomoclostis Meyrick, 1934
- Aulacoptera Hampson, 1896 (= Aulacophora Swinhoe, 1895; preoccupied by Aulacophora Dejean, 1835)
- Aurorobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1971
- Authaeretis Meyrick, 1886 (= Anthaeretis Carus, 1887)
- Auxolophotis Meyrick, 1933
- Betousa Walker, 1865 (= Neothyris Warren, 1899)
- Burathema Walker, 1863
- Calamochrous Lederer, 1863 (= Calamochrosta Lederer, 1863)
- Callibotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969
- Capparidia Dumont, 1931
- Carminibotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1971
- Catapsephis Hampson, 1899
- Ceuthobotys Munroe, 1978
- Charitoprepes Warren, 1896
- Cheloterma Meyrick, 1933
- Chilochroma Amsel, 1956
- Chilocorsia Munroe, 1964
- Chilopionea Munroe, 1964
- Chobera Moore, 1888
- Circobotys Butler, 1879
- Clatrodes Marion & Viette, 1953
- Coelobathra Turner, 1908
- Coptobasoides Janse, 1935
- Crocidophora Lederer, 1863 (= Crocidosema Lederer, 1863, Monocrocis Warren, 1895)
- Crypsiptya Meyrick, 1894 (= Coclebotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969)
- Cryptosara E. L. Martin, 1956
- Cybalobotys Maes, 2001
- Cyclarcha Swinhoe, 1894
- Daulia Walker, 1859 (= Girtexta Swinhoe, 1890)
- Daunabotys Maes, 2004
- Decelia Snellen, 1880
- Deltobotys Munroe, 1964
- Demobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969
- Deuterophysa Warren, 1889 (= Gonopionea Hampson, 1913)
- Discothyris Warren, 1895
- Drachma Bryk, 1913
- Ecpyrrhorrhoe Hübner, 1825 (= Ecpyrrhorrhoa J. L. R. Agassiz, 1846, Ecpyrrhorrhoea Hübner, 1826, Harpadispar Agenjo, 1952, Pyraustegia Marion, 1963, Yezobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969)
- Elosita Snellen, 1899
- Emphylica Turner, 1913
- Endographis Meyrick, 1894
- Endotrichella Collins, 1962 (= Endotrichodes Hampson, 1919)
- Ennomosia Amsel, 1956
- Enyocera Snellen, 1880
- Epicorsia Hübner, 1818 (= Episcorsia Hübner, 1826)
- Epiecia Walker, 1866
- Epiparbattia Caradja, 1925
- Eporidia Walker, 1859 (= Eporedia Walker, 1859)
- Eretmopteryx Saalmüller, 1884
- Erinothus Hampson, 1899
- Euclasta Lederer, 1855 (= Ilurgia Walker, 1859, Proteuclasta Munroe, 1958)
- Eumaragma Meyrick, 1933
- Eumorphobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969
- Euphyciodes Marion, 1954
- Eustenia Snellen, 1899
- Exeristis Meyrick, 1886
- Fumibotys Munroe, 1976
- Furcivena Hampson, 1896
- Glaucoda Karsch, 1900
- Glyphidomarptis Meyrick, 1936
- Gnamptorhiza Warren, 1896
- Gynenomis Munroe & Mutuura, 1968
- Gyptitia Snellen, 1883
- Hahncappsia Munroe, 1976
- Helvibotys Munroe, 1976
- Heterocnephes Lederer, 1863
- Hutuna Whalley, 1962
- Hyalea Guenée, 1854
- Hyalobathra Meyrick, 1885 (= Leucocraspeda Warren, 1890)
- Hyalorista Warren, 1892 (= Pyraustopsis Amsel, 1956)
- Hymenia Hübner, 1825 (= Zinckenia Zeller, 1852)
- Hyperectis Meyrick, 1904
- Hyphercyna Sauber, 1899
- Idiusia Warren, 1896
- Ischnoscopa Meyrick, 1894
- Ismene Savigny, 1816
- Isocentris Meyrick, 1887
- Lampridia Snellen, 1880
- Lamprophaia Caradja, 1925
- Lepidoplaga Warren, 1895
- Leptosophista Meyrick, 1938
- Leucophotis Butler, 1886
- Limbobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1970
- Lirabotys J. C. Shaffer & Munroe, 2007
- Lotanga Moore, 1886
- Loxoneptera Hampson, 1896
- Loxostege Hübner, 1825 (= Boreophila Duponchel, 1845, Cosmocreon Warren, 1892, Leimonia Hübner, 1825, Limonia J. L. R. Agassiz, 1847, Margaritia Stephens, 1827, Parasitochroa Hannemann, 1964, Maroa Barnes & McDunnough, 1914, Meridiophila Marion, 1963, Polingia Barnes & McDunnough, 1914)
- Lumenia de Joannis, 1929
- Mabra Moore, 1885 (= Streptobela Turner, 1937)
- Macrospectrodes Warren, 1896
- Massepha Walker, 1859
- Megatarsodes Marion, 1954
- Metaprotus Hampson, 1899
- Metasiodes Meyrick, 1894
- Mimasarta Ragonot, 1894
- Mimetebulea Munroe & Mutuura, 1968
- Monocoptopera Hampson, 1899
- Monodonta Kenrick, 1907
- Munroeodes Amsel, 1957 (= Munroeia Amsel, 1954)
- Nacoleiopsis Matsumura, 1925
- Nagiella Munroe, 1976 (= Nagia Walker, 1866)
- Nankogobinda Rose & Singh-Kirti, 1986
- Nascia J. Curtis, 1835
- Neadeloides Klima, 1939 (= Adeloides Warren, 1892)
- Neasarta Hampson, 1908
- Neoepicorsia Munroe, 1964
- Neohelvibotys Munroe, 1976
- Nephelobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1970
- Nephelolychnis Meyrick, 1933
- Nevrina Guenée, 1854 (= Neurina Moore, 1886)
- Niphostola Hampson, 1896
- Nomis Motschulsky, 1861
- Nymphulosis Amsel, 1959
- Oenobotys Munroe, 1976
- Oligocentris Hampson, 1896
- Oronomis Munroe & Mutuura, 1968
- Ostrinia Hübner, 1825 (= Eupolemarcha Meyrick, 1937, Micractis Warren, 1892, Zeaphagus Agenjo, 1952)
- Pagyda Walker, 1859
- Palepicorsia Maes, 1995
- Paliga Moore, 1886 (= Eutectona Wang & Sung, 1980)
- Palpusia Amsel, 1956
- Paracentristis Meyrick, 1934
- Paracorsia Marion, 1959
- Paranomis Munroe & Mutuura, 1968
- Paratalanta Meyrick, 1890 (= Microstega Meyrick, 1890)
- Parbattia Moore, 1888
- Paschiodes Hampson, 1913
- Patissodes Hampson, 1919
- Peribona Snellen, 1895 (= Radiorista Warren, 1896)
- Perispasta Zeller, 1875
- Piletosoma Hampson, 1899
- Pimelephila Tams, 1930
- Pioneabathra J. C. Shaffer & Munroe, 2007
- Placosaris Meyrick, 1897 (= Xanthelectris Meyrick, 1938)
- Plantegumia Amsel, 1956
- Platytesis Hampson, 1919
- Pleonectoides Hampson, 1891
- Portentomorpha Amsel, 1956 (= Apoecetes Munroe, 1956)
- Powysia Maes, 2006
- Preneopogon Warren, 1896
- Proconica Hampson, 1899
- Prodasycnemis Warren, 1892
- Prodelophanes Meyrick, 1937
- Protepicorsia Munroe, 1964
- Protinopalpa Strand, 1911
- Prototyla Meyrick, 1933
- Psammotis Hübner, 1825 (= Lemia Duponchel, 1845, Lemiodes Guenée, 1854, Psamotis Hübner, 1825)
- Pseudebulea Butler, 1881
- Pseudepicorsia Munroe, 1964
- Pseudopagyda Slamka, 2013
- Pseudopolygrammodes Munroe & Mutuura, 1969
- Pseudopyrausta Amsel, 1956
- Ptiladarcha Meyrick, 1933
- Pyralausta Hampson, 1913
- Pyrasia M. O. Martin, 1986
- Pyrausta Schrank, 1802 (= Aplographe Warren, 1892, Autocosmia Warren, 1892, Botys Latreille, 1802, Botis Swainson, [1821], Ostreophena Sodoffsky, 1837, Ostreophana Sodoffsky, 1837, Botis J. L. R. Agassiz, 1847, Heliaca Hübner, 1806, Cindaphia Lederer, 1863, Haematia Hübner, 1818, Heliaca Hübner, 1822, Heliaca Hübner, 1818, Heliaca Hübner, 1808, Herbula Guenée, 1854, Hyaloscia Dognin, 1908, Mardinia Amsel, 1952, Panstegia Hübner, 1825, Perilypa Hübner, 1825, Porphyritis Hübner, 1825, Proteroeca Meyrick, 1884, Pyrausta Hübner, 1825, Anthocrypta Warren, 1892, Pyraustes Billberg, 1820, Sciorista Warren, 1890, Rattana Rose & Pajni, 1979, Syllythria Hübner, 1825, Rhodaria Guenée, 1845, Synchromia Guenée, 1854, Tholeria Hübner, 1823, Trigonuncus Amsel, 1952)
- Pyraustimorpha Kocak & Seven, 1995
- Radessa Munroe, 1977
- Ravanoa Moore, 1885
- Rhectocraspeda Warren, 1892 (= Pilemia Möschler, 1882, Rapoona Hedemann, 1894, Rapona Schaus, 1940)
- Rhynchetria Klunder van Gijen, 1913
- Rodaba Moore, 1888
- Sarabotys Munroe, 1964
- Saucrobotys Munroe, 1976
- Sclerocona Meyrick, 1890
- Semniomima Warren, 1892
- Sericoplaga Warren, 1892
- Sinibotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969
- Sisyracera Möschler, 1890 (= Araschnopsis Amsel, 1956)
- Sitochroa Hübner, 1825 (= Spilodes Guenée, 1849)
- Stenochora Warren, 1892
- Tabidia Snellen, 1880
- Tangla Swinhoe, 1900
- Tasenia Snellen, 1901
- Thivolleo Maes, 2006
- Thliptoceras Warren in Swinhoe, 1890 (= Mimocomma Warren, 1895, Parudea Swinhoe, 1900, Polychorista Warren, 1896)
- Thysanodesma Butler, 1889
- Tipuliforma Kenrick, 1907
- Tirsa J. F. G. Clarke, 1971
- Togabotys Yamanaka, 1978
- Toxobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1968
- Trichoceraea Sauber in Semper, 1902
- Trigamozeucta Meyrick, 1937
- Trithyris Lederer, 1863
- Triuncidia Munroe, 1976
- Uncobotyodes Kirti & Rose, 1990
- Uresiphita Hübner, 1825 (= Mecyna Guenée, 1854, Uresiphoeta J. L. R. Agassiz, 1847)
- Vittabotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1970
- Xanthomelaena Hampson, 1896 (= Xanthomelaina Swinhoe, 1904)
- Xanthostege Munroe, 1976
Alguns Piraloïdeus encara no es col·loquen de forma inequívoca en una tribu particular o fins i tot en família; entre aquests, Tanaobela, per exemple, se sol assignar a les Pyraustinae.
Gèneres antics
- Aediodina Strand, 1919
- Cavifrons Zeller, 1872
- Cryptographis Lederer, 1863
- Haplochytis Meyrick, 1933
- Orocala Walker, 1866
- Protinopalpella Strand, 1911
Referències
- ↑ «BioLib - Pyraustinae» (en anglès). [Consulta: 5 novembre 2024].
Enllaços externs
- McLeod, Robin. «Subfamily Pyraustinae» (en anglès). BugGuide.Net, 19-03-2016.