Comparison of orthographies of languages of the Philippines

The Commission on the Filipino Language (Filipino: Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino) has published several standardized prescriptive orthographies for select languages of the Philippines. This article compares these orthographies.

List of orthographies

Language (English name) Language (listed name) Title Year published In collaboration with Filipino translation Phoneme (IPA) chart Phoneme-Grapheme correspondence Wordlist Ref.
Northern Alta Alta Orograpiyang ti Alta 2024 Alta community in Diteki Yes Yes Yes Yes [1]
Bataan Ayta Ayta Magbukun Urtugrapiya ung Ayta Magbukun 2024 Ayta Magbukun community, Department of Education Division of Bataan, Summer Institute of Linguistics Philippines Yes No No Yes [2]
Bikol languages[note 1] Bikol[note 1] Giya sa Orograpiyang Bikol 2012 N/a Partial No No No [3]
Buhi'non Bikol Boînën (Boinen) Ortograpiyang Boînën 2023 Department of Education Division of Camarines Sur, Purok of North Buhi, Buhi Central School, Translators Association of the Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes [4]
Filipino Filipino Ortograpiyang Pambansa / KWF Manwal sa Masinop na Pagsulat 2014 N/a N/a No No No [5]
Gaddang Gaddang Ortografíya na Gaddang 2019 Department of Education Divisions of Nueva Vizcaya, Isabela, Cauayan City, Santiago City, Translators Association of the Philippines Yes Yes Yes Yes [6]
Hiligaynon Hiligaynon Ortograpiya sang Hiligaynon 2022 West Visayas State University, Leon National High School, Hubon Manunulat Yes No No Yes [7]
Higaonon Hinigaunon Ortograpiya ha Hinigaunon 2023 Department of Education Division of Gingoog City, Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental, Iligan, El Salvador City, Northern Mindanao, Translators Association of the Philippines Yes Yes Yes No [8]
Ibaloi Ibalóy (Ibaloy) Ortograpiya ni Ibalóy 2016 Department of Education Division of Benguet Yes No No No [9]
Ilocano Ilokano Tarabay iti Ortograpia ti Pagsasao nga Ilokano 2022 (1st edition: 2012) N/a No No No No [10]
Ata Inata Ortograpiyang Inata 2024 Ata community in Sitio Manara, Barangay Celestino Villacin, Negros Occidental Yes Yes Yes Yes [11]
Itawis Itáwit (Itawit) Ortograpiya Itáwit 2016 Department of Education Division of Cagayan Valley Yes No No No [12]
Kalanguya Kalangúya (Kalanguya) Ortograpiya ni Kalangúya 2016 Department of Education Division of Benguet Yes No No No [13]
Kankanaey Kankanaëy (Kankanaey) Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy 2016 Department of Education Division of Benguet Yes No No No [14]
Kapampangan Kapampangan Bayung Ortograpiyang Kapampangan 2016 Provincial government of Pampanga, Angeles University Foundation Partial No No No [15]
Kamayo Kinamayú (Kinamayu) Ortograpiya na Kinamayú 2017 Department of Education Division of Surigao del Sur, Bislig City, Surigao del Sur State University – Lianga Campus, Translators Association of the Philippines Yes Yes Yes No [16]
Malaweg Malawég (Malaweg) Ortograpiya ya Malawég 2016 Department of Education Division of Cagayan Valley Yes No No No [17]
Pangasinan Pangasinan Ortograpiya na Salítan Pangasinan 2016 Pangasinan Historical and Cultural Commission Yes No No No [18]
Paranan Paranan Ortograpiya ni Paranan 2020 Department of Education Division of Isabela Yes No No Yes [19]
Cebuano Sebwáno (Sebwano) Giya sa Ortograpiyang Sinugbuánong Binisayâ (Sebwáno) 2022 University of San Carlos, Cebu Normal University, Cebu Technological University Yes No No No [20]
Sorsogon[note 2] Sorsoganon[note 2] Ortograpiyang Sorsoganon 2024 Bicol University Yes No Yes Yes [21]
Tagbanwa[note 3] Tinagbanwa[note 3] Ortograpiyang Tinagbanwa 2024 Translators Association of the Philippines, Summer Institute of Linguistics, Tagbanwa community in Coron, Palawan Yes Yes Yes Yes [22]
Waray Waráy (Waray) Ortograpiya han Waray Unknown N/a Yes No No No [23]
Yogad Yogad Ortografiya nu Yogad 2021 Department of Education Division of Isabela, Cauayan City, various elementary & high schools Yes No No Yes [24]

Upcoming

Language (English name) Language (listed name) Stage Ref.
Subanen languages G̓insëlug̓ën Sub̓anën Finalization [25]
Eastern Bontoc Kenachakran Public consultation [26]
Liniyas Public consultation
Finallig Public consultation
Surigaonon Surigaonon Public consultation [27]
Manobo languages Mänuvu Pulangiyän Public consultation [28]
Bugkalot Bugkalot/Eg̓ongot Public consultation [29]

Comparison

Alphabet

"B" indicates a borrowed letter.
Language Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ëë Ff Gg G̓g̓ Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll LLll Mm Nn Ññ NGng Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss S̃s̃ Tt T̃t̃ Uu Vv Ww W̓w̓ Xx Yy Zz
Filipino name ey bi si di i i patuldok ef ji ji
kuwit-taas		 eyts ay jey key el el ye em en enye /
eñe		 enji o pi kyu ar es es tilde ti ti tilde yu vi dobolyu dobulyu
kuwit-taas		 eks way zi
Alta Yes Yes B Yes Yes Yes B Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes No Yes B Yes No B Yes B
Ayta Magbukun Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes No
Bikol Yes Yes B Yes Yes No B Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes No Yes B Yes No B Yes B
Boînën Yes Yes B Yes B Yes B Yes Yes B Yes B Yes Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes No B B Yes No B Yes B
Filipino Yes Yes B Yes Yes No B Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes No Yes B Yes No B Yes B
Gaddang Yes Yes B Yes Yes No B Yes No B Yes B Yes Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes No Yes B Yes No B Yes B
Hiligaynon Yes Yes B Yes Yes No B Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes No Yes B Yes No B Yes B
Hinigaunon Yes Yes B Yes B Yes B Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes No Yes B Yes No B Yes B
Ibalóy Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No B Yes B
Ilokano Yes Yes B Yes Yes No B Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes B Yes Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes No Yes B Yes No B Yes B
Inata Yes Yes B Yes B No B Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes No Yes B Yes No B Yes B
Itáwit Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No B Yes Yes
Kalanguya Yes Yes B Yes Yes No B Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes No Yes B Yes No B Yes B
Kankanaëy Yes Yes B Yes Yes No B Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes No Yes B Yes No B Yes B
Kapampangan Yes Yes B Yes Yes No B Yes No B Yes B Yes Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes No Yes B Yes No B Yes B
Kinamayú Yes Yes B Yes B No B Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes Yes B Yes B Yes B Yes Yes No Yes No Yes B Yes No B Yes B
Malawég Yes Yes B Yes Yes No B Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes No Yes B Yes No B Yes B
Pangasinan Yes Yes B Yes Yes No B Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes No Yes B Yes No B Yes B
Paranan Yes Yes B Yes Yes No B Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes No Yes B Yes No B Yes B
Sebwáno Yes Yes B Yes Yes No B Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes No Yes B Yes No B Yes B
Sorsoganon Yes Yes B Yes Yes No B Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes No Yes B Yes No B Yes B
Tinagbanwa Yes Yes B Yes B Yes B Yes Yes B Yes B Yes Yes No Yes Yes B Yes B Yes B Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes B Yes Yes B Yes B
Waray Yes Yes B Yes Yes No B Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes No Yes B Yes No B Yes B
Yogad Yes Yes B Yes Yes No B Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes Yes B Yes Yes Yes B Yes Yes No Yes No Yes B Yes No B Yes B

Diacritics

◌́
Stressed vowel		 ◌̀
Glottal stop at end		 ◌̂
Stressed vowel and glottal stop at end		 ◌̈
For "Ëë" to represent /ə/		 ◌̄
Long vowel		 ◌̓ ◌͡◌
For vowel clusters that have no glottal stop in between		 ◌̃
Filipino name pahilís paiwà pakupyâ patuldok pahaba kuwit-taas arko tilde
Combinations á é ë́ í ó ú à è ë̀ ì ò ù â ê ë̂ î ô û ë ā ē ī ō ū g̓ w̓ a͡a a͡i a͡o a͡ë ë͡ë i͡i o͡o
a͡â a͡î a͡ô a͡ë̂ e͡ë̂ i͡î o͡ô		 s̃ t̃
Alta Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No
Ayta Magbukun Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No
Bikol Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Boînën No No Yes Yes No For "G̓g̓" to represent /ɰ/ Yes No
Filipino Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No
Gaddang Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No
Hiligaynon Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Hinigaunon Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No
Ibaloi Yes No Yes Yes No No No No
Ilokano Yes No No No No No No No
Inata Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Itáwit Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No
Kalangúya Yes No No Yes No No No No
Kankanaëy Yes No No Yes No No No No
Kapampangan Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Kinamayú Yes Yes Yes No For "Ūū" and "Āā" No No No
Malawég Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Pangasinan Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No
Paranan Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No
Sebwáno Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No
Sorsoganon Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Tinagbanwa Yes No No Yes No For "G̓g̓" to denote /ɣ/ or /h/;
For "W̓w̓" to denote /β̞/ or /w/		 No For "S̃s̃" to denote /tʃ/ or /s/; For "T̃t̃" to denote /t/ or /tʃ/
Waray Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No
Yogad Yes Yes Yes No No No No No

Syllable structure

Language V VV CV VC CVV VVC CVC VCC CCV CCVV CCVC CVCC CVVC CVVCC CCVCC CCVVCC CCVCCC
Alta Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No
Ayta Magbukun Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No
Bikol Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes No Yes
Boînën Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No Yes No No
Filipino Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes
Gaddang Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No Yes No Yes
Hiligaynon Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes
Hinigaunon Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No No
Ibaloi Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No No No
Ilokano Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Inata Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No No No Yes No No No No No No
Itáwit Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes
Kalangúya Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No No No
Kankanaëy Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No No No
Kapampangan Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes
Kinamayú Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes
Malawég Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes
Pangasinan Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes
Paranan Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes
Sebwáno Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No No No No No No No No
Sorsoganon Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes
Tinagbanwa Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No No
Waray Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes
Yogad Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No No No

Notes

  1. ^ a b page 1 states that this pertains to "Bikol Legazpi/Naga" (Central Bikol)
  2. ^ a b Both Northern and Southern Sorsogon are mentioned. Page xi states that this was written in "Katimugang Sorsogon" (Southern Sorsogon), but does not state whether it strictly applies to Southern Sorsogon.
  3. ^ a b page xi and 49 states that Tinagbanwa has three dialects: Batuwanën, Puluwanën, and S̃ug̓udnun. The stated geographic location of these three dialects encompasses Calamian Tagbanwa, although "Calamian Tagbanwa" is not specifically mentioned at all.

References

  1. ^ Orograpiyang ti Alta. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2024. ISBN 978-621-450-343-8.
  2. ^ Urtugrapiyang ung Ayta Magbukun. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2024. ISBN 978-621-450-320-9.
  3. ^ Giya sa Ortograpiyang Bikol. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2012. ISBN 978-710-0197-14-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (link)
  4. ^ Ortograpiyang Boînën. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2023. ISBN 978-621-450-308-7.
  5. ^ KWF Manwal sa Masinop na Pagsulat. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2014. ISBN 978-971-0197-34-7.
  6. ^ Ortografíya na Gaddang. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2019. ISBN 978-621-8064-87-4.
  7. ^ Ortograpiya sang Hiligaynon. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2022. ISBN 978-621-450-262-2.
  8. ^ Ortograpiya ha Hinigaunon. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2023. ISBN 978-621-450-312-4.
  9. ^ Ortograpiya ni Ibalóy. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2016. ISBN 978-621-8064-02-7.
  10. ^ Tarabay iti Ortograpia ti Pagsasao nga Ilokano. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2022. ISBN 978-971-0910-362.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (link)
  11. ^ Ortograpiyang Inata. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2024. ISBN 978-621-450-347-6.
  12. ^ Ortograpiya Itáwit. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2016. ISBN 978-971-0197-93-4.
  13. ^ Ortograpiya ni Kalangúya. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2016. ISBN 978-621-8064-04-1.
  14. ^ Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2016. ISBN 978-621-8064-03-4.
  15. ^ Bayung Ortograpiyang Kapampangan. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2016. ISBN 978-971-0197-86-6.
  16. ^ Ortograpiya na Kinamayú. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2017. ISBN 978-621-8064-47-8.
  17. ^ Ortograpiya ya Malawég. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2016. ISBN 978-621-8064-00-3.
  18. ^ Ortograpiya na Salítan Pangasinan. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2016. ISBN 978-971-0197-92-7.
  19. ^ Ortograpiya ni Paranan. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2020. ISBN 978-621-450-029-1.
  20. ^ Giya sa Ortograpiyang Sinugbuánong Binisayâ (Sebwáno). Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2022. ISBN 978-621-450-278-3.
  21. ^ Ortograpiyang Sorsoganon. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2024. ISBN 978-621-450-326-1.
  22. ^ Ortograpiyang Tinagbanwa. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2024. ISBN 978-621-450-345-2.
  23. ^ Ortograpiya han Waray. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino.
  24. ^ Ortografiya nu Yogad. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2021. ISBN 978-621-450-241-7.
  25. ^ "𝐎𝐫𝐭𝐨𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐢𝐲𝐚𝐧𝐠 𝐆̓𝐢𝐧𝐬ë𝐥𝐮𝐠̓ë𝐧 𝐒𝐮𝐛̓𝐚𝐧ë𝐧, 𝐧𝐚𝐢𝐬𝐚𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐧𝐚!". Facebook. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2025-06-18.
  26. ^ "𝐏𝐔𝐁𝐋𝐈𝐊𝐎𝐍𝐆 𝐊𝐎𝐍𝐒𝐔𝐋𝐓𝐀𝐒𝐘𝐎𝐍 𝐒𝐀 𝐌𝐆𝐀 𝐎𝐑𝐓𝐎𝐆𝐑𝐀𝐏𝐈𝐘𝐀 𝐍𝐆 𝐌𝐆𝐀 𝐖𝐈𝐊𝐀 𝐒𝐀 𝐁𝐀𝐑𝐋𝐈𝐆, 𝐈𝐒𝐈𝐍𝐀𝐆𝐀𝐖𝐀". Facebook. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2025-06-03.
  27. ^ "𝐏𝐀𝐌𝐏𝐔𝐁𝐋𝐈𝐊𝐎𝐍𝐆 𝐊𝐎𝐍𝐒𝐔𝐋𝐓𝐀𝐒𝐘𝐎𝐍 𝐍𝐆 𝐎𝐑𝐓𝐎𝐆𝐑𝐀𝐏𝐈𝐘𝐀𝐍𝐆 𝐒𝐔𝐑𝐈𝐆𝐀𝐎𝐍𝐎𝐍". Facebook. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2025-05-23.
  28. ^ "𝐏𝐀𝐌𝐏𝐔𝐁𝐋𝐈𝐊𝐎𝐍𝐆 𝐊𝐎𝐍𝐒𝐔𝐋𝐓𝐀𝐒𝐘𝐎𝐍 𝐍𝐆 𝐎𝐑𝐓𝐎𝐆𝐑𝐀𝐏𝐈𝐘𝐀𝐍𝐆 𝐌Ä𝐍𝐔𝐕𝐔 𝐏𝐔𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐈𝐘Ä𝐍". Facebook. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2025-03-13.
  29. ^ "𝐊𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐬𝐲𝐨𝐧 𝐬𝐚 𝐎𝐫𝐭𝐨, 𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐬𝐚𝐠𝐚𝐰𝐚". Facebook. Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. 2024-08-22.
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