List of cities conquered by the Ottoman Empire

The list of major cities conquered by the Ottoman Empire is below. Since it is impossible to include all cities, only the most populous cities, capitals and the cities with strategical or historical importance are shown.

Cities

This following list, the first column shows the year of the conquest.[dn 1] Some of the cities (like Tabriz, Yerevan or Belgrade) had been conquered more than once. In this case, only the first conquest has been shown. The second column shows the name of the city (where necessary, the Ottoman Turkish name and/or the contemporary Turkish name has also been given in parathesis), the third column shows the holder before conquest and the fourth column shows the present country. In the fifth column links to the article in this encyclopedia for the details of the conquest (where applicable).[1][2][3]

Year Name Holder before the Conquest Present country Battle/Siege Statute
1326 Prusa (Bursa) Byzantine Empire Turkey Siege of Bursa
1331 Nicaea (İznik) Siege of Nicaea
1338 Nicomedia (İzmit)
1352 Callipolis (Gelibolu)
1356 Ankara Ahis (Ankara ahileri)
1361 Adrianopol (Edirne) Byzantine Empire
1364 Plovdiv (Filibe) Bulgarian Empire Bulgaria Capture of Plovdiv
Stara Zagora (Eski Zagra) Capture of Stara Zagora
1365 Niš Serbian Empire Serbia
1382 Sofia Bulgarian Empire Bulgaria Siege of Sofia
1388 Ruse (Rusçuk)
1389 Varna
1393 Veliko Tarnovo (Tırnova) Siege of Tarnovo
1395 Nikopol (Niğbolu)
Ohrid (Ohri) Gropa Lordship North Macedonia
Krujë (Akçahisar) (First occupation) Principality of Albania Albania
1396 Sati Zaharia Lordship of Sati Vassal
Silistra (Silistre) Bulgarian Empire Bulgaria
Vidin
1417 Vlorë (Avlonya) Principality of Valona Albania
Giurgiu (Yergöğü) Principality of Wallachia Romania
1419 Constanța (Köstence)
1426 Smyrna (İzmir) Aydinids Turkey
1430 Thessaloniki (Selânik) Republic of Venice Greece Siege of Thessalonica
1431 Ioannina (Yânya) Despotate of Epirus Greece
1450 Berat (Arnavut Belgradı, Berat) Lordship of Berat/ League of Lezhë Albania
1453 Constantinople (Konstantiniye, Istanbul) Byzantine Empire Turkey Fall of Constantinople
1458 Athens (Atina) Duchy of Athens Greece
1459 Pristina (Priştine) Serbian Despotate Kosovo[dn 2]
1460 Bitola (Monastir, Manastır) Bulgarian Empire North Macedonia
Skopje (Üsküp)
1461 Trebizond (Trabzon) Empire of Trebizond Turkey Siege of Trebizond
Sarajevo
(Saray-ı Bosna, Saraybosna) Founded by Ottomans
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Jajce
(Royal Seat of the Bosnian King)[dn 3]
Bosnian Kingdom
1466 Iconium (Konya) Karamanids Turkey
1468 Mostar Bosnian Kingdom Bosnia and Herzegovina
1470 Chalcis (Euboea-Eğriboz island) Greece
1474 Podgorica (Podgoriçe) Montenegro
1475 Bakhchisaray (Bahçesaray) Crimean Khanate Ukraine Vassal
Feodosiya (Kefe) Republic of Genoa
Sudak
Azov (Azak) Russia
1478 Lezhë Republic of Venice Albania Siege of Shkodra
1479 Shkodër (İşkodra)
1480 Otranto Principality of Taranto Italy Invasion of Otranto Brief acquisition
1484 Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi (Akkerman) Principality of Moldavia Ukraine
1514 Arz-i Rûm (Erzurum) Turkey
Tabriz (Tebriz) Iran
Ardabil (Erdebil)
1515 Van Turkey
Kara Amid (Diyâr-i Bekr, Diyarbakır)
Urmiah (Ürmiye) Iran
1516 Antiochia (Antakya) Turkey
Aleppo (Halep) Syria
Damascus (Trablus-i Şâm, Şam)
Beirut Lebanon
Amman Jordan
Jerusalem (Kudüs) Palestine
Jaffa (Yafa)
1517 Cairo (Kâhire) Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) Egypt
Damietta (Dumyat)
Mecca (Mekke) Saudi Arabia
Jeddah (Cidde)
1521 Belgrade (Belgrad) Kingdom of Hungary Serbia
1522 Rhodes (Rodos) Knights Hospitaller Greece Siege of Rhodes
1526 Tvrđa Croatia
1529 Algiers (Cezayir) Algeria Capture of Algiers
Odesa (Hacibey) Grand Duchy of Lithuania Ukraine
1531 Diu India Siege of Diu Brief acquisition
1534 Tunis (Tunus) Tunisia Conquest of Tunis
Baghdad (Bağdat) Safavid Empire Iraq Capture of Baghdad
1537 Klis (Clissa, Kilis) Croatia Siege of Klis
1538 Basra Iraq
1538 Aden Yemen Capture of Aden
San'a
Tighina (Bender) Principality of Moldavia Moldova
Brăila (İbrail) Principality of Wallachia Romania
1539 Herceg Novi (Yeni Hersek) Montenegro Siege of Castelnuovo
1541 Buda (Budin) Kingdom of Hungary Hungary Siege of Buda
1543 Esztergom (Estergon) Siege of Esztergom
1547 Van Turkey Siege of Van
1551 Gozo Malta Invasion of Gozo Brief acquisition
Tripoli (Trablus-i Gârb, Trablusgarp) Libya Siege of Tripoli
1552 Muscat Oman
Touggourt Algeria Marching overland to Sahara
Timișoara (Temeşvar) Eastern Hungarian Kingdom Romania Siege of Temesvár (1552)
1555 Béjaïa Algeria Capture of Bougie
1557 Massawa Eritrea
1566 Szigetvár (Zigetvar) Kingdom of Hungary Hungary Siege of Szigetvár
1567 Zabid Yemen
1571 Ulcinj (Ulqin/Dulcigno) Republic of Venice Montenegro
Nicosia (Lefkoşa) Cyprus
1578 Akhaltsikhe (Ahıska) Georgia
Yerevan Armenia
Benghazi Libya
Tbilisi (Tiflis) Georgia
Ganja (Gence) Azerbaijan
Baku (Bakü)
1584 Lori Armenia
1587 Hamadan (Hamedan) Iran
1590 Derbent Russia (Dagestan)
1594 Győr (Yanık) Kingdom of Hungary Hungary
1596 Eger (Eğri) Siege of Eger
1600 Nagykanizsa (Kanije) Siege of Kanije
1645 Chania (Hanya) Greece
1660 Oradea (Varat) Principality of Transylvania Romania
1663 Nové Zámky (Uyvar) Kingdom of Hungary Slovakia Siege of Érsekújvár
1669 Heraklion (Kandiye) Greece Siege of Candia
1672 Kamianets-Podilskyi (Kamaniçe) Ukraine
1678 Chyhyryn (Çehrin)
1683 Perchtoldsdorf Austria Battle of Vienna Brief acquisition
1713 Khotyn (Hotin) Principality of Moldavia Ukraine Conquest
1852 Doha Qatar Vassal
1869 Manama Bahrain

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Not all cities were conquered by military force. Some were included within Ottoman realm voluntarily.
  2. ^ Disputed territory
  3. ^ Fall of the Kingdom of Bosnia

References

  1. ^ Faik Reşit Unat: Tarih Atlası, Kanaat yayınları, İstanbul, 1991, p.29 (in Turkish)
  2. ^ Prof. Dr. Yaşar Yücel-Prof. Dr. Ali Sevim: Türkiye tarihi, AAKTDYK yayınları, İstanbul, 1991, (in Turkish)
  3. ^ Lord Kinross :Osmanlı İmparatorluğun Yükselişi ve Çöküşü (The Ottoman centuries, Trans.Meral Gaspıralı) Altın Kitaplar, İstanbul, 2008, ISBN 978-975-21-0955-1, (in Turkish)