Lists of countries by mineral production

The following list creates a summary of the two major producers of different minerals (and coal, which is generally not considered a mineral).

Summary

Fossil fuels

Fossil fuel Largest producer Second largest producer Complete list
Coal[1] China India List of countries by coal production
Natural gas[2] United States Russia List of countries by natural gas production
Petroleum United States Russia List of countries by oil production

Nuclear fuel

Nuclear fuel Largest producer Second largest producer Complete list
Uranium Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Canada Canada List of countries by uranium production
Thorium[3] India China Occurrence of thorium

Gemstones

Gem Largest producer Second largest producer Complete list
Fluorite[4] China Mexico List of countries by fluorite production
Diamond[5] Russia Botswana List of countries by diamond production

Metals

Metal Largest producer Second largest producer
Aluminium[6] China India
Bismuth[7] China Vietnam
Copper[8] Chile Peru
Chromium[9] South Africa Turkey
Gold[10] China Australia
Iron ore[11] Australia China
Lithium[12] Australia Chile
Magnesium China Russia
Manganese[13] South Africa China
Mercury[14] China Mexico
Nickel[15] Indonesia Philippines
Niobium[16] Brazil Canada
Palladium[17] Russia South Africa
Platinum[18] South Africa Russia
Silver[19] Mexico China
Tin[20] China Indonesia
Titanium[21] China Japan
Vanadium[22] China Russia
Zinc[23] China Peru

Metals

Aluminium

See also: List of aluminium smelters

This is a list of countries by primary aluminium production. Primary aluminium is produced from aluminium oxide which is obtained from bauxite and excludes recycled aluminium.[24][25]

List of countries by primary aluminium production in thousands of tonnes (2022–24)[24]
Country Primary
aluminium[25] 		Aluminium
oxide[26] 		Bauxite[26]
Production Reserves
 World 72,000 142,000 450,000 29,000,000
 Other countries – 1,500 5,700 5,300,000
 China 43,000 84,000 93,000 680,000
 India 4,200 7,600 25,000 650,000
 Russia 3,800 2,900 6,300 480,000
 Canada 3,300 1,500 – –
 United Arab Emirates 2,700 2,400 – –
 Bahrain 1,600 – – –
 Australia 1,500 18,000 100,000 3,500,000
 Norway 1,300 – – –
 Brazil 1,100 11,000 33,000 2,700,000
 Malaysia 870 – 130 –
 Iceland 780 – – –
 Saudi Arabia 776 1,800 5,800 180,000
 South Africa 718 – – –
 United States 670 720 13.9 –
 Iran 632 – 1,000 –
 Qatar 638 – – –
 Mozambique 576 – 14.6 –
 France 410 – 118 –
 Argentina 400 – – –
 Oman 395 – – –
 Germany 341 960 – –
 New Zealand 334 – – –
 Egypt 260 – – –
 Kazakhstan 259 1,400 4,900 280,000
 Indonesia 224 1,300 32,000 2,800,000
 Romania 191 – – –
 Greece 187 860 1,200 –
 Sweden 120 – – –
Turkey 82.0 320 3,200 69,000
 Slovakia 71.9 – – –
Cameroon 62.8 – – –
Tajikistan 62.0 – – –
Ghana 55.6 – 773 –
Netherlands 45.0 – – –
Montenegro 43.2 – 442 –
Bosnia and Herzegovina 37.8 – 700 –
Azerbaijan 33.5 – – –
United Kingdom 31.3 – – –
Slovenia 19.2 – – –
 Venezuela 8.4 – – –
Ireland – 1,600 – –
Jamaica – 1,500 6,100 2,000,000
Vietnam – 1,500 4,200 3,100,000
Spain – 820 – –
 Guinea – 300 130,000 7,400,000
Sierra Leone – – 974 –
Guyana – – 706 –
Dominican Republic – – 104 –
Pakistan – – 56.3 –
Colombia – – 48.0 –
Tanzania – – 40.9 –
Croatia – – 17.8 –
Production trends in the top five copper-producing countries, 1950-2012

Copper

See also: List of copper mines and List of copper production by company
List of countries by copper production in tonnes (2022–24)
Country Production[24][27] Reserves
Total Mine Refinery Smelter
 World 70,769,394 23,000,000 27,000,000 20,769,394 980,000,000
 Other countries 5,200,000 2,700,000 2,500,000 – 180,000,000
China China 24,190,000 1,800,000 12,000,000 10,390,000 41,000,000
Chile Chile 8,312,400 5,300,000 1,900,000 1,112,400 190,000,000
Congo (Kinshasa) 5,964,441 3,300,000 2,500,000 164,441 80,000,000
Peru Peru 3,314,136 2,600,000 390,000 324,136 100,000,000
Russia Russia 2,874,500 930,000 960,000 984,500 80,000,000
Japan 2,869,940 – 1,600,000 1,269,940 –
United States United States 2,370,500 1,100,000 890,000 380,500 47,000,000
Indonesia Indonesia 1,722,464 1,100,000 350,000 272,464 21,000,000
Australia Australia 1,650,300 800,000 460,000 390,300 100,000,000
Zambia 1,621,544 680,000 170,000 771,544 21,000,000
Poland 1,560,724 410,000 590,000 560,724 98,000,000[28]
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan 1,534,704 740,000 470,000 324,704 20,000,000
Mexico Mexico 1,335,438 700,000 350,000 285,438 53,000,000
South Korea 1,310,005 – 620,000 690,005 –
Canada 1,058,600 450,000 320,000 288,600 8,300,000
Germany 994,000 – 630,000 364,000 –
India 955,003 30,000 510,000 395,003 2,200,000
Iran 874,211 344,200 300,011 230,000 –
Spain 621,664 128,764 297,900 195,000 –
Bulgaria 606,000 67,000 229,000 310,000 –
Philippines 503,283 59,500 258,729 185,054 –
Sweden 466,137 88,337 217,800 160,000 –
Uzbekistan 445,500 148,500 148,500 148,500 –
Mongolia 426,166 416,430 9,736 – –
Belgium 377,500 – 377,500 – –
Brazil 366,253 297,653 8,600 60,000 –
Panama 350,438 350,438 – – –
Turkey 333,605 115,000 134,600 84,005 –
Serbia 258,663 203,998 24,665 30,000 –
Tanzania 233,000 118,000 – 115,000 –
Finland 180,850 27,553 18,094 135,203 –
Austria 167,003 – 107,000 60,003 –
Ecuador 120,000 120,000 – – –
Saudi Arabia 75,000 75,000 – – –
Vietnam 74,709 34,709 20,000 20,000 –
Armenia 66,132 66,132 – – –
Laos 50,370 43,766 6,604 – –
South Africa 49,194 49,194 – – –
Botswana 44,269 44,269 – – –
Namibia 39,266 2,036 – 37,230 –
Norway 36,950 – 18,475 18,475 –
Portugal 32,098 32,098 – – –
Pakistan 28,571 16,346 – 12,225 –
Morocco 28,000 28,000 – – –
Eritrea 17,098 17,098 – – –
Argentina 14,000 – 14,000 – –
Mauritania 13,313 13,313 – – –
Romania 11,600 11,600 – – –
Zimbabwe 10,168 10,168 – – –
Italy 9,900 – 9,900 – –
Colombia 7,800 7,800 – – –
North Macedonia 7,693 7,093 600 – –
Kyrgyzstan 7,500 7,500 – – –
Georgia 6,364 6,364 – – –
Albania 5,899 5,899 – – –
Dominican Republic 5,360 5,360 – – –
Bolivia 5,008 3,608 1,400 – –
Egypt 4,000 – 4,000 – –
Azerbaijan 2,516 2,516 – – –
Ukraine 2,400 – 2,400 – –
North Korea 2,000 2,000 – – –
Tajikistan 1,206 1,206 – – –
Slovakia 30 30 – 0 –
2012 world gold output (in kilograms)
Trends in five of the top seven gold-producing countries

Gold

See also: Largest gold companies

This is a list of countries by gold production in 2024. All production figures refer to primary mine production only (i.e., newly mined gold), excluding recycled gold.[29] Until 2006, South Africa was the world's largest gold producer. In 2007, increasing production from other countries and declining production from South Africa meant that China became the largest producer, although no country has approached the scale of South Africa's period of peak production during the late 1960s and early 1970s. In 1970, South Africa produced 995 tonnes or 32 million ounces of gold, two-thirds of the world's production of 47.5 million ounces.[30]

List of countries by gold production and reserves in tonnes (2024)[31]
Country Gold production % of total Reserves % of total
 World 3,300 100.0 64,000 100.0
 Other countries 780 23.6 9,200 14.4
China 380 11.5 3,100 4.8
Russia 310 9.4 12,000 18.8
Australia 290 8.8 12,000 18.8
Canada 200 6.1 3,200 5.0
United States 160 4.8 3,000 4.7
Kazakhstan 130 3.9 2,300 3.6
Mexico 1,400 2.2
Ghana 1,000 1.6
Uzbekistan 120 3.6 1,800 2.8
South Africa 100 3.0 5,000 7.8
Indonesia 3,600 5.6
Peru 2,500 3.9
Brazil 70 2.1 2,400 3.8
Mali 800 1.3
Colombia 60 1.8 700 1.1
Tanzania 400 0.6
Burkina Faso – –

Iron

See also: List of iron mines

This is a list of countries by mined iron ore production in 2024 based on U.S. Geological Survey data.[32] "Usable iron ore" figures refer to the processed ore product suitable for steelmaking, not the raw extracted material. As such, countries with lower-grade ores like China extensively beneficiate magnetite ores (typically <30% Fe) to produce market-grade material (~60% Fe), making their usable ore output appear comparable to high-grade producers like Australia or Brazil. However, the efficiency, cost, and environmental impact of such beneficiation vary significantly.[33]

List of countries by iron ore production and reserves (2022–24)[32]
Country Production (thousand tonnes)[24] Reserves (million tonnes)
Usable
iron ore 		Pig
iron[34] 		Iron
content 		Crude
ore 		Iron
content
 World 2,500,000 ≈ 1,366,000 1,600,000 200,000 88,000
 Other countries ≈ 13,450 – 37,000 17,000 8,500
Australia Australia 930,000 3,700 580,000 58,000 27,000
Brazil Brazil 440,000 25,700 280,000 34,000 15,000
China China 270,000 871,000 170,000 20,000 6,900
India India 270,000 86,300 170,000 5,500 3,400
Russia Russia 91,000 54,600 53,000 35,000 14,000
Iran Iran 90,000 36,400 59,000 3,800 1,500
South Africa South Africa 66,000 2,600 42,000 930 590
Japan Japan – 63,000 – – –
Canada Canada 54,000 7,300 32,000 6,000 2,300
United States United States 48,000 20,600 30,000 3,600 2,300
Ukraine Ukraine 42,000 – 26,000 6,500 2,300
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan 30,000 – 9,200 2,500 900
Sweden Sweden 28,000 2,900 20,000 1,300 600
Peru Peru 21,000 – 14,000 2,600 1,500
Chile Chile 18,000 581 11,000 – –
Turkey Turkey 18,000 9,100 11,000 150 99
Mauritania Mauritania 15,000 – 9,400 – –
Taiwan – 13,400 – – –
France – 8,200 – – –
Mexico Mexico 8,000 8,428 5,000 – –
Mongolia 7,660 – – – –
Saudi Arabia – 6,700 – – –
Netherlands – 5,500 – – –
Liberia 5,000 – – – –
United Kingdom – 4,779 – – –
Malaysia 4,912 800 – – –
Sierra Leone 4,370 – – – –
New Zealand 4,000 600 – – –
Slovakia – 4,000 – – –
Indonesia 3,500 3,000 – – –
Italy – 3,500 – – –
Argentina – 3,494 – – –
Czech Republic – 3,400 – – –
Spain – 3,400 – – –
Austria 3,237 5,800 – – –
Poland – 3,089 – – –
North Korea 3,000 150 – – –
Finland – 1,900 – – –
Vietnam 1,843 10,000 – – –
Norway 1,800 70 – – –
Oman – 1,800 – – –
Laos 1,795 – – – –
Trinidad and Tobago – 1,700 – – –
Qatar – 1,600 – – –
Bahrain – 1,500 – – –
Romania – 1,500 – – –
Serbia – 1,500 – – –
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,286 757 – – –
Libya – 1,100 – – –
Venezuela 1,000 277 – – –
Albania – 809 – – –
Algeria 750 3,900 – – –
Pakistan 617 – – – –
Hungary – 500 – – –
Colombia 498 213 – – –
Germany 470 23,600 – – –
South Korea 434 45,200 – – –
Bolivia 372 – – – –
Guinea 304 – – – –
Tunisia 260 – – – –
Thailand 190 – – – –
Uganda 103 – – – –
Philippines 75.77 – – – –
Morocco 50.00 – – – –
Paraguay – 40 – – –
Egypt 12.00 6,000 – – –
Nigeria 5.00 – – – –
Bhutan 3.49 – – – –
Malawi 0.98 – – – –
Guatemala 0.06 – – – –

Nickel

List of countries by nickel production in tonnes[24][35]
Country Production Reserves Year
Mine Smelter /
refinery
  World 3,700,000 3,200,000 130,000,000 2024
Indonesia 2,200,000 1,225,090 55,000,000 2022/24
Philippines 330,000 – 4,800,000 2024
Russia 210,000 143,000 8,300,000 2022/24
Canada 190,000 143,266 2,200,000 2022/24
Japan – 147,600 – 2022
China 120,000 850,000 4,400,000 2022/24
Australia 110,000 96,500 24,000,000 2022/24
New Caledonia 110,000 66,220 7,100,000 2022/24
Brazil 77,000 63,400 16,000,000 2022/24
Guatemala 48,200 18,000 – 2022
Colombia 46,400 41,816 – 2022
Finland 44,921 91,466 – 2022
South Korea – 43,500 – 2022
Cuba 42,800 13,700 – 2022
Madagascar 35,737 35,737 – 2022
Papua New Guinea 34,302 – – 2022
United Kingdom – 33,384 – 2022
Dominican Republic 29,223 27,610 – 2022
South Africa 29,033 40,000 – 2022
Ivory Coast 24,500 – – 2022
Turkey 14,535 – – 2022
Zimbabwe 13,753 – – 2022
Myanmar 10,000 10,000 – 2022
North Macedonia – 8,400 – 2022
United States 8,000 – 310,000 2024
Ukraine – 7,400 – 2022
Zambia 4,059 – – 2022
Greece 1,700 1,400 – 2022
Albania 1,574 – – 2022
Cyprus – 953 – 2022
Poland 830 – – 2022
Austria – 700 – 2022
Kosovo 387 – – 2022
Norway 200 81,898 – 2022
Morocco 200 100 – 2022

Silver

See also: List of silver mines
List of countries by silver production in tonnes[24][36]
Country Production Reserves Year
 World 25,790 640,000 2024
 Other countries 566 57,000 2022/24
Mexico Mexico 6,300 37,000 2024
China China 3,300 70,000 2024
Peru Peru 3,100 140,000 2024
Chile Chile 1,200 26,000 2024
Poland Poland 1,300 61,000 2024
Australia Australia 1,000 94,000 2024
Bolivia Bolivia 1,300 22,000 2024
Russia Russia 1,200 92,000 2024
United States United States 1,100 23,000 2024
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan 1,000 – 2024
Argentina Argentina 800 6,500 2024
India India 800 8,000 2024
Sweden 400 – 2024
Canada 300 4,900 2024
Indonesia 299 – 2022
Uzbekistan 218 – 2022
Morocco 200 – 2022
Turkey 143 – 2022
Panama 87.5 – 2022
Papua New Guinea 84.0 – 2022
Brazil 80.0 – 2022
Portugal 78.4 – 2022
Dominican Republic 73.4 – 2022
Mongolia 65.4 – 2022
Spain 58.2 – 2022
Philippines 56.2 – 2022
Greece 50.0 – 2022
Iran 50.0 – 2022
North Korea 50.0 – 2022
Eritrea 49.9 – 2022
South Africa 45.7 – 2022
Bulgaria 38.0 – 2022
Honduras 37.0 – 2022
Finland 36.4 – 2022
Colombia 35.8 – 2022
Botswana 31.2 – 2022
Georgia 22.4 – 2022
Nicaragua 21.6 – 2022
Laos 21.3 – 2022
Kyrgyzstan 20.0 – 2022
Armenia 18.4 – 2022
Romania 18.0 – 2022
North Macedonia 15.0 – 2022
Tanzania 13.6 – 2022
Azerbaijan 12.6 – 2022
Ivory Coast 12.0 – 2022
Serbia 12.0 – 2022
Tajikistan 11.0 – 2022
Zambia 9.0 – 2022
Burkina Faso 7.3 – 2022
Saudi Arabia 7.0 – 2022
Namibia 5.0 – 2022
South Korea 4.4 – 2022
New Zealand 3.9 – 2022
DR Congo 3.4 – 2022
Mali 3.0 – 2022
Japan 2.9 – 2022
Ireland 2.8 – 2022
Ecuador 2.0 – 2022
Zimbabwe 1.5 – 2022
Senegal 1.3 – 2022
United Kingdom 1.3 – 2022
Ghana 1.0 – 2022
Sudan 1.0 – 2022
Germany 0.700 – 2022
Malaysia 0.481 – 2022
Fiji 0.475 – 2022
Slovakia 0.354 – 2022
Nigeria 0.200 – 2022
Niger 0.029 – 2022

Tin

* indicates "Natural resources of COUNTRY or TERRITORY" links.

List of countries by tin production in tonnes[24][37]
Country Production Reserves Year
Mine Smelter
 World 300,000 389,000 4,200,000 2022/24
 Other countries 1,800 – 310,000 2024
 China * 69,000 200,500 1,000,000 2022/24
 Indonesia * 50,000 74,000 – 2022/24
 Myanmar * 34,000 – 700,000 2024
 Peru * 31,000 26,630 130,000 2022/24
 Brazil * 29,000 17,200 420,000 2022/24
 Congo * 25,000 – 120,000 2024
 Bolivia 21,000 14,834 400,000 2022/24
 Australia 9,900 106 620,000 2022/24
Belgium – 8,200 – 2022
 Nigeria * 7,000 – – 2024
 Vietnam * 6,700 5,500 23,000 2022/24
Poland – 4,275 – 2022
Taiwan – 4,200 – 2022
 Rwanda * 3,600 643 – 2022/24
 Malaysia * 3,000 19,385 – 2022/24
 Russia * 3,000 2,500 460,000 2022/24
Japan – 1,551 – 2022
 Laos * 1,500 – – 2024
Namibia 522 – – 2022
Tanzania 404 – – 2022
Spain 314 – – 2022
Burundi 99 – – 2022
Thailand 84 9,526 – 2022
Portugal 60 – – 2022
Mongolia 46 – – 2022
India 28 – – 2022

Zinc

List of countries by zinc production in tonnes[38]
Country Production Reserves Year
Mine Slab
 World 12,000,000 13,338,278 230,000,000 2022/24
 Other countries – – 25,000,000 2024
China 4,000,000 6,358,100 46,000,000 2022/24
Peru 1,300,000 349,500 20,000,000 2022/24
Australia 1,100,000 385,029 64,000,000 2022/24
India 860,000 683,903 9,800,000 2022/24
United States 750,000 220,000 9,200,000 2022/24
Mexico 700,000 337,020 14,000,000 2022/24
Japan – 516,638 – 2022
Bolivia 510,000 – – 2024
Kazakhstan 370,000 266,300 7,600,000 2022/24
Russia 310,000 195,000 29,000,000 2022/24
Belgium – 260,000 – 2022
Sweden 240,000 – 3,900,000 2024
Turkey 186,000 – – 2022
Portugal 182,262 – – 2022
Norway – 181,139 – 2022
Netherlands – 180,100 – 2022
Brazil 150,000 233,700 – 2022
Iran 150,000 140,000 – 2022
Eritrea 120,529 – – 2022
South Africa 120,000 – 5,900,000 2024
Canada 116,533 587,000 – 2022
Germany – 110,900 – 2022
France – 109,300 – 2022
Mongolia 103,600 – – 2022
Ireland 103,300 – – 2022
Italy – 96,100 – 2022
Spain 82,963 505,000 – 2022
Finland 62,433 294,122 – 2022
Tajikistan 59,056 – – 2022
Cuba 52,000 – – 2022
Pakistan 42,349 – – 2022
Uzbekistan 42,000 90,000 – 2022
Namibia 40,500 – – 2022
Nigeria 40,000 – – 2022
Morocco 35,000 – – 2022
North Macedonia 29,625 – – 2022
North Korea 28,000 15,000 – 2022
Honduras 25,000 – – 2022
Saudi Arabia 24,700 – – 2022
Chile 24,092 – – 2022
Burkina Faso 23,200 – – 2022
Congo 20,000 – – 2022
Laos 18,000 – – 2022
Vietnam 14,000 10,000 – 2022
Bulgaria 13,762 72,527 – 2022
DR Congo 13,578 – – 2022
Myanmar 12,000 – – 2022
Indonesia 11,400 – – 2022
Greece 10,502 – – 2022
Montenegro 9,038 – – 2022
Romania 7,000 – – 2022
Serbia 6,500 – – 2022
Poland 6,300 161,900 – 2022
Armenia 5,967 – – 2022
Kosovo 5,718 – – 2022
Bosnia and Herzegovina 5,629 – – 2022
Dominican Republic 5,485 – – 2022
Georgia 4,412 – – 2022
South Korea 3,959 980,000 – 2022
Argentina 3,893 – – 2022
Algeria 900 – – 2022
Zambia 400 – – 2022
Slovakia 95 – – 2022

See also

References

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