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              <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">unistd.h</h1>
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<p>En <a href="Informatique" title="Informatique">informatique</a>, <b><code>unistd.h</code></b> est un <a href="Biblioth%C3%A8que_standard_du_C#Les_en-têtes_de_la_bibliothèque_C_ISO" title="Bibliothèque standard du C">fichier d'en-tête</a> pour les <a href="Langage_de_programmation" title="Langage de programmation">langages de programmation</a> <a href="C_(langage)" title="C (langage)">C</a> et <a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, il donne accès à l'<a href="Interface_de_programmation" title="Interface de programmation">API</a> du <a href="Syst%C3%A8me_d'exploitation" title="Système d'exploitation">système d'exploitation</a> <a href="POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a>. Il est défini par la norme POSIX.1, la base de la <a href="Single_UNIX_Specification" title="Single UNIX Specification">Single Unix Specification (SUS)</a>, et il devrait donc être disponible dans tout système d'exploitation et <a href="Compilateur" title="Compilateur">compilateur</a> compatible POSIX. Par exemple, cela inclut les systèmes d'exploitation <a href="Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> et <a href="Type_Unix" class="mw-redirect" title="Type Unix">similaires</a>, tels que les <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_variants" class="extiw external" title="en:GNU variants">variantes de GNU</a>, les distributions de <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> et <a href="Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a>, et <a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, et les compilateurs tels que <a href="GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</a> et <a href="LLVM" title="LLVM">LLVM</a>.
</p><p>Sur les systèmes de type Unix, l'interface définie par <code><b>unistd.h</b></code> est typiquement composée en grande partie de fonctions d'enveloppe d'appel système telles que <code><a href="Fork_(programmation)" title="Fork (programmation)">fork</a></code>, <code><a href="Pipeline_(Unix)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipeline (Unix)">pipe</a></code> et de primitives d'<a href="Input-output" class="mw-redirect" title="Input-output">E/S</a> (<code>read</code>, <code>write</code>, <code>close</code>, etc.).
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aperçu_des_fonctions"><span id="Aper.C3.A7u_des_fonctions"></span>Aperçu des fonctions</h2></div>
<table class="wikitable" style="font-size:0.85em">
<tbody><tr>
<th>
</th>
<th>Fonction
</th>
<th>Description
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="8">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="crypt"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/crypt.3.html">crypt</a></code>
</td>
<td><a href="Chiffrement" title="Chiffrement">chiffre</a> des mots de passe et des données
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="encrypt"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/encrypt.3.html">encrypt</a></code>
</td>
<td>chiffre les messages 64 bits
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="gethostid"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/gethostid.3.html">gethostid</a></code>
</td>
<td>obtenir l'identifiant unique de l'hôte actuel
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="gethostname"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/gethostname.2.html">gethostname</a></code>
</td>
<td>obtenir le <a href="Hostname" class="mw-redirect" title="Hostname">nom d'hôte</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="getopt"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/getopt.3.html">getopt</a></code>
</td>
<td>analyser les <a href="Interface_en_ligne_de_commande" title="Interface en ligne de commande">options des lignes de commande</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="swab"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/swab.3.html">swab</a></code>
</td>
<td>échanger des octets adjacents
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="sysconf"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/sysconf.3.html">sysconf</a></code>
</td>
<td>obtenir la configuration au moment de l'exécution
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="2">Signaux
</th>
<td><span id="alarm"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/alarm.3p.html">alarm</a></code>
</td>
<td>programmer un  <a href="Signal_(informatique)" title="Signal (informatique)">signal</a> d'alarme
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="pause"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/pause.2.html">pause</a></code>
</td>
<td>attendre le signal
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="23">Système fichiers
</th>
<td><span id="access"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/access.2.html">access</a></code><br><span id="faccessat"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/access.2.html">faccessat</a></code><br><span id="faccessat2"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/access.2.html">faccessat2</a></code>
</td>
<td>vérifier les  <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File-system_permissions#Traditional_Unix_permissions" class="extiw external" title="en:File-system permissions">permissions de l'utilisateur</a> pour un fichier
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="chdir"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/chdir.2.html">chdir</a></code><br><span id="fchdir"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/chdir.2.html">fchdir</a></code>
</td>
<td>changer de <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_directory" class="extiw external" title="en:Working directory">répertoire de travail</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="chown"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/fchown.2.html">chown</a></code><br><span id="fchown"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/fchown.2.html">fchown</a></code><br><span id="lchown"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/fchown.2.html">lchown</a></code><br><span id="fchownat"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/fchown.2.html">fchownat</a></code>
</td>
<td>changer le propriétaire et le groupe d'un fichier
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="close"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/close.3p.html">close</a></code>
</td>
<td>fermer un <a href="Descripteur_de_fichier" title="Descripteur de fichier">descripteur de fichier</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="dup"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/dup.2.html">dup</a></code><br><span id="dup2"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/dup.2.html">dup2</a></code>
</td>
<td>dupliquer un descripteur de fichier
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="fsync"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/fsync.2.html">fsync</a></code><br><span id="fdatasync"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/fsync.2.html">fdatasync</a></code>
</td>
<td>synchroniser l'état in-core d'un fichier avec le périphérique de stockage
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="fpathconf"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/pathconf.3.html">fpathconf</a></code><br><span id="pathconf"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/pathconf.3.html">pathconf</a></code>
</td>
<td>obtenir les valeurs de configuration des fichiers
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="ftruncate"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/truncate.2.html">ftruncate</a></code><br><span id="truncate"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/truncate.2.html">truncate</a></code>
</td>
<td>tronquer un fichier à une longueur spécifiée
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="getcwd"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/getcwd.2.html">getcwd</a></code><br><span id="getwd"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/getcwd.2.html">getwd</a></code><br><span id="get_current_dir_name"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/getcwd.2.html">get_current_dir_name</a></code><br>
</td>
<td>récupérer le répertoire de travail actuel
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="isatty"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/isatty.3.html">isatty</a></code>
</td>
<td>tester si un descripteur de fichier fait référence à un  <a href="Terminal_(informatique)" title="Terminal (informatique)">terminal</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="link"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/link.2.html">link</a></code><br><span id="linkat"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/link.2.html">linkat</a></code>
</td>
<td>créer un nouveau nom pour un fichier
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="lockf"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/lockf.3.html">lockf</a></code>
</td>
<td>appliquer, tester ou supprimer un verrou POSIX sur un fichier ouvert
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="lseek"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/lseek.2.html">lseek</a></code>
</td>
<td>repositionnement lecture/écriture décalage du fichier
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="pipe"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/pipe.2.html">pipe</a></code><br><span id="pipe2"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/pipe.2.html">pipe2</a></code>
</td>
<td>créer un <a href="Tube_(informatique)" title="Tube (informatique)">tube</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="pread"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/pread.2.html">pread</a></code><br><span id="pwrite"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/pread.2.html">pwrite</a></code>
</td>
<td>lire ou écrire dans un descripteur de fichier à un décalage donné
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="read"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/read.2.html">read</a></code>
</td>
<td>lire à partir d'un descripteur de fichier
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="readlink"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/readlink.2.html">readlink</a></code><br><span id="readlinkat"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/readlink.2.html">readlinkat</a></code>
</td>
<td>lire la valeur d'un lien symbolique
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="rmdir"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/rmdir.2.html">rmdir</a></code>
</td>
<td>supprimer un répertoire
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="symlink"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/symlink.2.html">symlink</a></code><br><span id="symlinkat"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/symlink.2.html">symlinkat</a></code>
</td>
<td>créer un nouveau nom pour un fichier
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="sync"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/sync.2.html">sync</a></code><br><span id="syncfs"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/sync.2.html">syncfs</a></code>
</td>
<td>livrer les caches du système de fichiers sur le disque
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="ttyname"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/ttyname.3.html">ttyname</a></code><br><span id="ttyname_r"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/ttyname.3.html">ttyname_r</a></code>
</td>
<td>nom de retour d'un terminal
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="unlink"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/unlink.2.html">unlink</a></code><br><span id="unlinkat"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/unlinkat.3.html">unlinkat</a></code>
</td>
<td>supprimer un nom et éventuellement le fichier auquel il se réfère
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="write"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/write.2.html">write</a></code>
</td>
<td>écrire sur un descripteur de fichier
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="11">Processus
</th>
<td><span id="exit"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/exit.2.html">_exit</a></code>
</td>
<td>mettre fin au <a href="Processus_(informatique)" title="Processus (informatique)">processus</a> d'appel
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="execl"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/exec.3.html">execl</a></code><br><span id="execlp"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/exec.3.html">execlp</a></code><br><span id="execle"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/exec.3.html">execle</a></code><br><span id="execv"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/exec.3.html">execv</a></code><br><span id="execvp"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/exec.3.html">execvp</a></code><br><span id="execvpe"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/exec.3.html">execvpe</a></code>
</td>
<td>exécuter un fichier
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="fexecve"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/fexecve.3.html">fexecve</a></code>
</td>
<td>exécute le programme spécifié par le descripteur de fichier
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="fork"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/fork.3p.html">fork</a></code>
</td>
<td>créer un nouveau processus
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="setpgid"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2.setpgid2.html">setpgid</a></code><br><span id="getpgid"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2.setpgid2.html">getpgid</a></code><br><span id="setpgrp"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2.setpgid2.html">setpgrp</a></code><br><span id="getpgrp"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2.setpgid2.html">getpgrp</a></code><br>
</td>
<td>définir/obtenir le groupe de processus
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="getpid"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/fork.3p.html">getpid</a></code><br><span id="getppid"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/fork.3p.html">getppid</a></code>
</td>
<td>obtenir l'identification du processus
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="getsid"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/getsid.2.html">getsid</a></code>
</td>
<td>obtenir l'ID de la session
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="nice"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/nice.2.html">nice</a></code>
</td>
<td>priorité du processus de changement
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="setsid"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setsid.2.html">setsid</a></code>
</td>
<td>crée une session et définit l'ID du groupe de processus
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="sleep"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/sleep.3.html">sleep</a></code>
</td>
<td>dormir pendant un nombre de secondes spécifié
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="tcgetpgrp"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/tcgetpgrp.3.html">tcgetpgrp</a></code><br><span id="tcsetpgrp"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/tcsetpgrp.3.html">tcsetpgrp</a></code>
</td>
<td>obtenir et définir le groupe de processus de premier plan du terminal
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="8">Utilisateur/Groupe
</th>
<td><span id="getgid"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/getgid.2.html">getgid</a></code><br><span id="getegid"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/getgid.2.html">getegid</a></code>
</td>
<td>obtenir l'identité du groupe
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="getuid"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/getuid.2.html">getuid</a></code><br><span id="geteuid"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/getuid.2.html">geteuid</a></code>
</td>
<td>obtenir l'identité de l'utilisateur
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="getgroups"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/getgroups.2.html">getgroups</a></code>
</td>
<td>obtenir la liste des ID des groupes supplémentaires
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="getlogin"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/getlogin.3.html">getlogin</a></code><br><span id="getlogin_r"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/getlogin.3.html">getlogin_r</a></code>
</td>
<td>obtenir le nom d'utilisateur
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="seteuid"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/seteuid.2.html">seteuid</a></code><br><span id="setegid"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setegid.2.html">setegid</a></code>
</td>
<td>définir l'ID de l'utilisateur ou du groupe effectif
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="setgid"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setgid.2.html">setgid</a></code>
</td>
<td>définir l'identité du groupe
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="setreuid"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setreuid.2.html">setreuid</a></code><br><span id="setregid"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setreuid.2.html">setregid</a></code>
</td>
<td>définir l'ID réel et/ou effectif de l'utilisateur ou du groupe
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span id="setuid"></span><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setuid.2.html">setuid</a></code>
</td>
<td>définir l'identité de l'utilisateur
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Couche_de_compatibilité_Windows"><span id="Couche_de_compatibilit.C3.A9_Windows"></span>Couche de compatibilité Windows</h2></div>
<p>Certains logiciels comme <a href="Cygwin" title="Cygwin">Cygwin</a> et <a href="MinGW" title="MinGW">MinGW</a> fournissent leurs propres versions de <code>unistd.h</code>, pour faire une traduction des appels de fonction POSIX en <a href="Windows_API" title="Windows API">appel de fonction Windows</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références_externes"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences_externes"></span>Références externes</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xsh/unistd.h.html">unistd.h dans opengroup</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/C/node20.html#SECTION002010000000000000000">unistd.h dans Dave's C tutorial</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man0/unistd.h.0p.html">unistd.h dans man7</a></li></ul>
<ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="icône décorative" src="./_assets_/0c70a452f799bfe840676ee341124611/Circle-icons-dev.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" loading="lazy"></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte">Portail de la programmation informatique</span> </span></li>                    </ul></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
    Cet article est issu de <a class="external text" title="Dernière modification le 2022-07-08" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Unistd.h&amp;oldid=195166081">Wikipédia</a>. Sauf mention contraire, le texte est disponible sous <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a>. Des conditions supplémentaires peuvent s’appliquer aux fichiers multimédias.
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