<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-menu-disabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-0 vector-toc-not-available vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-0 skin-theme-clientpref-os vector-feature-navigation-update-disabled vector-sticky-header-enabled skin-thumbsize-clientpref-standard" lang="it" dir="ltr"><head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Coda M/M/c</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="../../_res_/favicon.png">
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coda_M%2FM%2Fc"> <link href="../../_mw_/ext.math.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
    <link href="../../_mw_/ext.wikimediamessages.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
    <link href="../../_mw_/mediawiki.skinning.content.parsoid.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
    <link href="../../_mw_/skins.vector.icons.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
    <link href="../../_mw_/skins.vector.search.codex.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
    <link href="../../_mw_/skins.vector.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
    <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
    
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../_mw_/site.styles.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../_mw_/noscript.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../_res_/footer.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../_res_/vector-2022.css">
  </head>
  <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Coda_M_M_c rootpage-Coda_M_M_c skin-vector-2022 action-view">
    <div class="mw-page-container">
      <div class="mw-page-container-inner">
        <div class="mw-content-container">
          <main id="content" class="mw-body">
            <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
              <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span lang="it" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Coda M/M/c</span></span></h1>
            </header>
            <a id="top"></a>
            <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container="">
              <div id="contentSub">
                <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div>
              </div>
              <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="it" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr" data-mw-parsoid-version="0.24.0.0-alpha14" data-mw-html-version="2.8.0"><section data-mw-section-id="0" id="mwAQ"><p id="mwAg">In <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Teoria_delle_code" title="Teoria delle code" id="mwAw">teoria delle code</a>, una <b id="mwBA">coda M/M/c</b> rappresenta la lunghezza di una coda in un sistema composto da <i id="mwBQ">c</i> server, in cui gli arrivi sono determinati da un <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Processo_di_Poisson" title="Processo di Poisson" id="mwBg">processo di Poisson</a> e i tempi servizio hanno <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Distribuzione_esponenziale" title="Distribuzione esponenziale" id="mwBw">distribuzione esponenziale</a> di parametro μ. Il nome è dovuto alla <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Teoria_delle_code#Notazione_di_Kendall" title="Teoria delle code" id="mwCA">Notazione di Kendall</a>. La <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Coda_M/M/1" title="Coda M/M/1" id="mwCQ">coda M/M/1</a> è un suo caso particolare.</p>

</section><section data-mw-section-id="1" id="mwCw" aria-labelledby="Definizione"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definizione">Definizione</h2></div>
<p id="mwDA">Un coda M/M/c è un <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Processo_stocastico" title="Processo stocastico" id="mwDQ">processo stocastico</a> definito sui <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Numeri_naturali" title="Numeri naturali" class="mw-redirect" id="mwDg">numeri naturali</a>, dove il valore ad un tempo fissato corrisponde al numero di utenti nel sistema, inclusi quelli che stanno ricevendo il servizio.</p>
<ul id="mwDw"><li id="mwEA">Gli arrivi sono determinati da un <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Processo_di_Poisson" title="Processo di Poisson" id="mwEQ">processo di Poisson</a> di intensità λ, e spostano il processo da uno stato <i id="mwEg">i</i> a quello successivo <i id="mwEw">i+1</i></li>
<li id="mwFA">I tempi di servizio hanno tutti <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Distribuzione_esponenziale" title="Distribuzione esponenziale" id="mwFQ">distribuzione esponenziale</a> di parametro μ</li>
<li id="mwFg">I server non possono essere occupati da più utenti nello stesso momento. Quando il servizio finisce, l'utente lascia la coda e il processo si sposta dallo stato <i id="mwFw">i</i> al precedente <i id="mwGA">i-1</i></li>
<li id="mwGQ">Non ci possono essere server fermi se sono presenti utenti in coda</li>
<li id="mwGg">Non c'è nessun limite al numero di utenti che può contenere il sistema.</li></ul>

<p id="mwGw">Il processo può essere descritto come una <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Catena_di_Markov" title="Catena di Markov" class="mw-redirect" id="mwHA">catena di Markov</a> a tempo continuo, in particolare da un <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Processo_di_nascita_e_morte" title="Processo di nascita e morte" id="mwHQ">processo di nascita e morte</a> di parametri:</p>
<dl id="mwHg"><dd id="mwHw"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwIA"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda _{k}=\lambda ,\ \forall k}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <msub>
          <mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mi>k</mi>
          </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo>=</mo>
        <mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
        <mo>,</mo>
        <mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
        <mi mathvariant="normal">∀<!-- ∀ --></mi>
        <mi>k</mi>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda _{k}=\lambda ,\ \forall k}</annotation>
  </semantics>
</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0e6d4a1427d88fdf532ad6a4c6522e8eaefb5a13.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.016ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda _{k}=\lambda ,\ \forall k}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>

<dl id="mwIQ"><dd id="mwIg"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwIw"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu _{k}={\begin{cases}k\mu ,&amp;{\mbox{se }}0\leq k\leq c\\c\mu ,&amp;{\mbox{se }}c\leq k\end{cases}}}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <msub>
          <mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mi>k</mi>
          </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo>=</mo>
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mrow>
            <mo>{</mo>
            <mtable columnalign="left left" rowspacing=".2em" columnspacing="1em" displaystyle="false">
              <mtr>
                <mtd>
                  <mi>k</mi>
                  <mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
                  <mo>,</mo>
                </mtd>
                <mtd>
                  <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                    <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
                      <mtext>se&nbsp;</mtext>
                    </mstyle>
                  </mrow>
                  <mn>0</mn>
                  <mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
                  <mi>k</mi>
                  <mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
                  <mi>c</mi>
                </mtd>
              </mtr>
              <mtr>
                <mtd>
                  <mi>c</mi>
                  <mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
                  <mo>,</mo>
                </mtd>
                <mtd>
                  <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                    <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
                      <mtext>se&nbsp;</mtext>
                    </mstyle>
                  </mrow>
                  <mi>c</mi>
                  <mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
                  <mi>k</mi>
                </mtd>
              </mtr>
            </mtable>
            <mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo>
          </mrow>
        </mrow>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu _{k}={\begin{cases}k\mu ,&amp;{\mbox{se }}0\leq k\leq c\\c\mu ,&amp;{\mbox{se }}c\leq k\end{cases}}}</annotation>
  </semantics>
</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/09ec41871d2e69db5fde64f7ea591400f522db86.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:25.773ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu _{k}={\begin{cases}k\mu ,&amp;{\mbox{se }}0\leq k\leq c\\c\mu ,&amp;{\mbox{se }}c\leq k\end{cases}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>

</section><section data-mw-section-id="2" id="mwJA" aria-labelledby="Proprietà"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proprietà"><span id="Propriet.C3.A0" typeof="mw:FallbackId"></span>Proprietà</h2></div>
<p id="mwJQ">Il processo è stabile solo se λ&lt;cμ. Se in media vi sono più arrivi di quanti il sistema può servirne, la coda crescerà indefinitivamente e non ci sarà equilibrio. Se chiamiamo ρ=λ/cμ, la condizione diventa ρ&lt;1. Imponendo questa condizione, si ha che</p>
<ul id="mwJg"><li id="mwJw">La distribuzione stazionaria del processo è data da</li></ul>
<dl id="mwKQ"><dd id="mwKg"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwKw"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pi _{0}=\left[\sum _{k=0}^{c-1}{\frac {(c\rho )^{k}}{k!}}+{\frac {(c\rho )^{c}}{c!}}{\frac {1}{1-\rho }}\right]^{-1}}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <msub>
          <mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mn>0</mn>
          </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo>=</mo>
        <msup>
          <mrow>
            <mo>[</mo>
            <mrow>
              <munderover>
                <mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
                <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                  <mi>k</mi>
                  <mo>=</mo>
                  <mn>0</mn>
                </mrow>
                <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                  <mi>c</mi>
                  <mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
                  <mn>1</mn>
                </mrow>
              </munderover>
              <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                <mfrac>
                  <mrow>
                    <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
                    <mi>c</mi>
                    <mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
                    <msup>
                      <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
                      <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                        <mi>k</mi>
                      </mrow>
                    </msup>
                  </mrow>
                  <mrow>
                    <mi>k</mi>
                    <mo>!</mo>
                  </mrow>
                </mfrac>
              </mrow>
              <mo>+</mo>
              <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                <mfrac>
                  <mrow>
                    <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
                    <mi>c</mi>
                    <mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
                    <msup>
                      <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
                      <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                        <mi>c</mi>
                      </mrow>
                    </msup>
                  </mrow>
                  <mrow>
                    <mi>c</mi>
                    <mo>!</mo>
                  </mrow>
                </mfrac>
              </mrow>
              <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                <mfrac>
                  <mn>1</mn>
                  <mrow>
                    <mn>1</mn>
                    <mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
                    <mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
                  </mrow>
                </mfrac>
              </mrow>
            </mrow>
            <mo>]</mo>
          </mrow>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
            <mn>1</mn>
          </mrow>
        </msup>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pi _{0}=\left[\sum _{k=0}^{c-1}{\frac {(c\rho )^{k}}{k!}}+{\frac {(c\rho )^{c}}{c!}}{\frac {1}{1-\rho }}\right]^{-1}}</annotation>
  </semantics>
</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8babb0a0b0a9ce47d628543d5aae3424d038314e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:34.886ex; height:8.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pi _{0}=\left[\sum _{k=0}^{c-1}{\frac {(c\rho )^{k}}{k!}}+{\frac {(c\rho )^{c}}{c!}}{\frac {1}{1-\rho }}\right]^{-1}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>

<dl id="mwLA"><dd id="mwLQ"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwLg"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pi _{k}={\begin{cases}\pi _{0}{\dfrac {(c\rho )^{k}}{k!}},&amp;{\mbox{se }}0\leq k\leq c\\[10pt]\pi _{0}{\dfrac {\rho ^{k}c^{c}}{c!}},&amp;{\mbox{se }}c\leq k\end{cases}}}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <msub>
          <mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mi>k</mi>
          </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo>=</mo>
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mrow>
            <mo>{</mo>
            <mtable columnalign="left left" rowspacing="1.2em 0.2em" columnspacing="1em" displaystyle="false">
              <mtr>
                <mtd>
                  <msub>
                    <mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
                    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                      <mn>0</mn>
                    </mrow>
                  </msub>
                  <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                    <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
                      <mfrac>
                        <mrow>
                          <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
                          <mi>c</mi>
                          <mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
                          <msup>
                            <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
                            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                              <mi>k</mi>
                            </mrow>
                          </msup>
                        </mrow>
                        <mrow>
                          <mi>k</mi>
                          <mo>!</mo>
                        </mrow>
                      </mfrac>
                    </mstyle>
                  </mrow>
                  <mo>,</mo>
                </mtd>
                <mtd>
                  <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                    <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
                      <mtext>se&nbsp;</mtext>
                    </mstyle>
                  </mrow>
                  <mn>0</mn>
                  <mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
                  <mi>k</mi>
                  <mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
                  <mi>c</mi>
                </mtd>
              </mtr>
              <mtr>
                <mtd>
                  <msub>
                    <mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
                    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                      <mn>0</mn>
                    </mrow>
                  </msub>
                  <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                    <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
                      <mfrac>
                        <mrow>
                          <msup>
                            <mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
                            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                              <mi>k</mi>
                            </mrow>
                          </msup>
                          <msup>
                            <mi>c</mi>
                            <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                              <mi>c</mi>
                            </mrow>
                          </msup>
                        </mrow>
                        <mrow>
                          <mi>c</mi>
                          <mo>!</mo>
                        </mrow>
                      </mfrac>
                    </mstyle>
                  </mrow>
                  <mo>,</mo>
                </mtd>
                <mtd>
                  <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                    <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
                      <mtext>se&nbsp;</mtext>
                    </mstyle>
                  </mrow>
                  <mi>c</mi>
                  <mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
                  <mi>k</mi>
                </mtd>
              </mtr>
            </mtable>
            <mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo>
          </mrow>
        </mrow>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pi _{k}={\begin{cases}\pi _{0}{\dfrac {(c\rho )^{k}}{k!}},&amp;{\mbox{se }}0\leq k\leq c\\[10pt]\pi _{0}{\dfrac {\rho ^{k}c^{c}}{c!}},&amp;{\mbox{se }}c\leq k\end{cases}}}</annotation>
  </semantics>
</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4722c53d0762b06abe7de7869dda9b5fa83f9a5b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -6.505ex; width:31.728ex; height:14.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pi _{k}={\begin{cases}\pi _{0}{\dfrac {(c\rho )^{k}}{k!}},&amp;{\mbox{se }}0\leq k\leq c\\[10pt]\pi _{0}{\dfrac {\rho ^{k}c^{c}}{c!}},&amp;{\mbox{se }}c\leq k\end{cases}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<ul id="mwLw"><li id="mwMA">La probabilità di non trovare nessun server libero è data da</li></ul>
<dl id="mwMQ"><dd id="mwMg"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwMw"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {P} (K\geq c)=\pi _{c_{+}}=\sum _{k=c}^{\infty }\pi _{k}={\frac {(c\rho )^{c}}{c!(1-\rho )}}\pi _{0}}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mi mathvariant="double-struck">P</mi>
        </mrow>
        <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
        <mi>K</mi>
        <mo>≥<!-- ≥ --></mo>
        <mi>c</mi>
        <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
        <mo>=</mo>
        <msub>
          <mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <msub>
              <mi>c</mi>
              <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                <mo>+</mo>
              </mrow>
            </msub>
          </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo>=</mo>
        <munderover>
          <mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mi>k</mi>
            <mo>=</mo>
            <mi>c</mi>
          </mrow>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
          </mrow>
        </munderover>
        <msub>
          <mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mi>k</mi>
          </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo>=</mo>
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mfrac>
            <mrow>
              <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
              <mi>c</mi>
              <mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
              <msup>
                <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
                <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                  <mi>c</mi>
                </mrow>
              </msup>
            </mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mi>c</mi>
              <mo>!</mo>
              <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
              <mn>1</mn>
              <mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
              <mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
              <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
            </mrow>
          </mfrac>
        </mrow>
        <msub>
          <mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mn>0</mn>
          </mrow>
        </msub>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {P} (K\geq c)=\pi _{c_{+}}=\sum _{k=c}^{\infty }\pi _{k}={\frac {(c\rho )^{c}}{c!(1-\rho )}}\pi _{0}}</annotation>
  </semantics>
</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/de53fc2a603381c22c8fa55b9988f3d460df072c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:40.207ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {P} (K\geq c)=\pi _{c_{+}}=\sum _{k=c}^{\infty }\pi _{k}={\frac {(c\rho )^{c}}{c!(1-\rho )}}\pi _{0}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<ul id="mwNA"><li id="mwNQ">Il numero medio di utenti nel sistema è</li></ul>
<dl id="mwNg"><dd id="mwNw"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwOA"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L_{s}=c\rho +{\frac {\rho }{1-\rho }}\pi _{c_{+}}}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <msub>
          <mi>L</mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mi>s</mi>
          </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo>=</mo>
        <mi>c</mi>
        <mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
        <mo>+</mo>
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mfrac>
            <mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
            <mrow>
              <mn>1</mn>
              <mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
              <mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
            </mrow>
          </mfrac>
        </mrow>
        <msub>
          <mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <msub>
              <mi>c</mi>
              <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                <mo>+</mo>
              </mrow>
            </msub>
          </mrow>
        </msub>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L_{s}=c\rho +{\frac {\rho }{1-\rho }}\pi _{c_{+}}}</annotation>
  </semantics>
</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/36dd41edd5437196442afcc3eab9b29e1b93390a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:20.246ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L_{s}=c\rho +{\frac {\rho }{1-\rho }}\pi _{c_{+}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<ul id="mwOQ"><li id="mwOg">Il numero medio di utenti in coda è</li></ul>
<dl id="mwOw"><dd id="mwPA"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwPQ"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L_{q}={\frac {\rho }{1-\rho }}\pi _{c_{+}}}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <msub>
          <mi>L</mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mi>q</mi>
          </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo>=</mo>
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mfrac>
            <mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
            <mrow>
              <mn>1</mn>
              <mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
              <mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
            </mrow>
          </mfrac>
        </mrow>
        <msub>
          <mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <msub>
              <mi>c</mi>
              <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                <mo>+</mo>
              </mrow>
            </msub>
          </mrow>
        </msub>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L_{q}={\frac {\rho }{1-\rho }}\pi _{c_{+}}}</annotation>
  </semantics>
</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/15f1658a23b222d9381f0050ffaf7164bb8aac20.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:15.182ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L_{q}={\frac {\rho }{1-\rho }}\pi _{c_{+}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<ul id="mwPg"><li id="mwPw">Il tempo medio passato da un utente in coda è</li></ul>
<dl id="mwQA"><dd id="mwQQ"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwQg"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W_{q}={\frac {\rho }{\lambda (1-\rho )}}\pi _{c_{+}}}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <msub>
          <mi>W</mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mi>q</mi>
          </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo>=</mo>
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mfrac>
            <mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
            <mrow>
              <mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
              <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
              <mn>1</mn>
              <mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
              <mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
              <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
            </mrow>
          </mfrac>
        </mrow>
        <msub>
          <mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <msub>
              <mi>c</mi>
              <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                <mo>+</mo>
              </mrow>
            </msub>
          </mrow>
        </msub>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W_{q}={\frac {\rho }{\lambda (1-\rho )}}\pi _{c_{+}}}</annotation>
  </semantics>
</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/553f41eaabb666e83ad7f4fbda9431942f1d4f66.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:18.958ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W_{q}={\frac {\rho }{\lambda (1-\rho )}}\pi _{c_{+}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<ul id="mwQw"><li id="mwRA">Il tempo medio passato da un utente nel sistema è</li></ul>
<dl id="mwRQ"><dd id="mwRg"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwRw"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W_{s}={\frac {\rho }{\lambda (1-\rho )}}\pi _{c_{+}}+{\frac {1}{\mu }}}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <msub>
          <mi>W</mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mi>s</mi>
          </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo>=</mo>
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mfrac>
            <mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
            <mrow>
              <mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
              <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
              <mn>1</mn>
              <mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
              <mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
              <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
            </mrow>
          </mfrac>
        </mrow>
        <msub>
          <mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <msub>
              <mi>c</mi>
              <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                <mo>+</mo>
              </mrow>
            </msub>
          </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo>+</mo>
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mfrac>
            <mn>1</mn>
            <mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
          </mfrac>
        </mrow>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W_{s}={\frac {\rho }{\lambda (1-\rho )}}\pi _{c_{+}}+{\frac {1}{\mu }}}</annotation>
  </semantics>
</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2ad76b3b1c388270e532b2e2eff8782970f6f1b4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:24.051ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W_{s}={\frac {\rho }{\lambda (1-\rho )}}\pi _{c_{+}}+{\frac {1}{\mu }}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>

</section><section data-mw-section-id="3" id="mwSA" aria-labelledby="Infiniti_server"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infiniti_server">Infiniti server</h2></div>
<p id="mwSQ">È possibile anche studiare il caso a infiniti server, ovvero la coda <b id="mwSg">M/M/∞</b>. In questo modello ogni utente viene servito appena entra nel sistema, e non vi è quindi alcuna coda. In questo caso il processo di nascita e morte adatto è quello con parametri</p>
<dl id="mwSw"><dd id="mwTA"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwTQ"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda _{k}=\lambda ,\ \forall k}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <msub>
          <mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mi>k</mi>
          </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo>=</mo>
        <mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
        <mo>,</mo>
        <mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
        <mi mathvariant="normal">∀<!-- ∀ --></mi>
        <mi>k</mi>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda _{k}=\lambda ,\ \forall k}</annotation>
  </semantics>
</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0e6d4a1427d88fdf532ad6a4c6522e8eaefb5a13.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.016ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda _{k}=\lambda ,\ \forall k}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>

<dl id="mwTg"><dd id="mwTw"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwUA"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu _{k}=k\mu ,\ \forall k}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <msub>
          <mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mi>k</mi>
          </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo>=</mo>
        <mi>k</mi>
        <mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
        <mo>,</mo>
        <mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
        <mi mathvariant="normal">∀<!-- ∀ --></mi>
        <mi>k</mi>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu _{k}=k\mu ,\ \forall k}</annotation>
  </semantics>
</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e37ab75eb590bf6223e6ca905ab1c184613d8800.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.32ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu _{k}=k\mu ,\ \forall k}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>

<ul id="mwUQ"><li id="mwUg">La distribuzione stazionaria è una <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Distribuzione_di_Poisson" title="Distribuzione di Poisson" id="mwUw">distribuzione di Poisson</a> di parametro λ/μ:</li></ul>

<dl id="mwVA"><dd id="mwVQ"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwVg"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pi _{k}={\frac {(\lambda /\mu )^{k}e^{-\lambda /\mu }}{k!}}}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <msub>
          <mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mi>k</mi>
          </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo>=</mo>
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mfrac>
            <mrow>
              <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
              <mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
              <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                <mo>/</mo>
              </mrow>
              <mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
              <msup>
                <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
                <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                  <mi>k</mi>
                </mrow>
              </msup>
              <msup>
                <mi>e</mi>
                <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                  <mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
                  <mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
                  <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
                    <mo>/</mo>
                  </mrow>
                  <mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
                </mrow>
              </msup>
            </mrow>
            <mrow>
              <mi>k</mi>
              <mo>!</mo>
            </mrow>
          </mfrac>
        </mrow>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pi _{k}={\frac {(\lambda /\mu )^{k}e^{-\lambda /\mu }}{k!}}}</annotation>
  </semantics>
</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c77e65c79ff221beb3081bebfcff489365f61ff9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:18.531ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pi _{k}={\frac {(\lambda /\mu )^{k}e^{-\lambda /\mu }}{k!}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>

<ul id="mwVw"><li id="mwWA">Il tempo medio passato nella coda è solamente il tempo medio di servizio:</li></ul>

<dl id="mwWQ"><dd id="mwWg"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwWw"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W_{s}={\frac {1}{\mu }}}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <msub>
          <mi>W</mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mi>s</mi>
          </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo>=</mo>
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mfrac>
            <mn>1</mn>
            <mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
          </mfrac>
        </mrow>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W_{s}={\frac {1}{\mu }}}</annotation>
  </semantics>
</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e4945d9f277a1c8e8123f116db33da7ce7c5805d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:8.533ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W_{s}={\frac {1}{\mu }}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>

<ul id="mwXA"><li id="mwXQ">Il numero medio di utenti nel sistema è</li></ul>

<dl id="mwXg"><dd id="mwXw"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwYA"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L_{s}={\frac {\lambda }{\mu }}}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <msub>
          <mi>L</mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mi>s</mi>
          </mrow>
        </msub>
        <mo>=</mo>
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mfrac>
            <mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
            <mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
          </mfrac>
        </mrow>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L_{s}={\frac {\lambda }{\mu }}}</annotation>
  </semantics>
</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b33730be06d7008a26d628fe06d5164978120d64.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:7.922ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L_{s}={\frac {\lambda }{\mu }}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>

</section><section data-mw-section-id="4" id="mwYQ" aria-labelledby="Bibliografia"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2></div>
<ul id="mwYg"><li id="mwYw"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwZA">Kleinrock Leonard, <span style="font-style:italic;">Queueing Systems Volume 1: Theory</span>, John Wiley &amp; Sons, 1975.</cite></li></ul>

</section><section data-mw-section-id="5" id="mwZQ" aria-labelledby="Voci_correlate"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2></div>
<ul id="mwZg"><li id="mwZw"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Processo_di_nascita_e_morte" title="Processo di nascita e morte" id="mwaA">Processo di nascita e morte</a></li>
<li id="mwaQ"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Processo_markoviano" title="Processo markoviano" id="mwag">Processo markoviano</a></li>
<li id="mwaw"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Legge_di_Little" title="Legge di Little" id="mwbA">Legge di Little</a></li></ul>




</section></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
    Questa voce è stata pubblicata da <a class="external text" title="Ultima modifica il 2020-01-27" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Coda_M%2FM%2Fc&amp;oldid=110431377">Wikipedia</a>. Il testo è rilasciato in base alla licenza <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a>, salvo diversa indicazione. Potrebbero essere applicate clausole aggiuntive per i file multimediali.
</div>
</div><!--/htdig_noindex--></div>
            </div>
          </main>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
     <script src="../../_webp_/webpHandler.js"></script>
  

</body></html>