Alfabeti grek

Alfabeti grek është alfabeti që u përdorur për të shkruar gjuhën greke që nga shekulli IX p.e.s.

Alfabeti grek
Αα Alfa Νν Nu
Ββ Beta Ξξ Xi
Γγ Gamma Οο Omicron
Δδ Delta Ππ Pi
Εε Epsilon Ρρ Rho
Ζζ Zeta Σσς Sigma
Ηη Eta Ττ Tau
Θθ Theta Υυ Upsilon
Ιι Iota Φφ Phi
Κκ Kappa Χχ Chi
Λλ Lambda Ψψ Psi
Μμ Mu Ωω Omega
Arkaik letërsi
Digamma Koppa
Stigma Sampi
Heta Sho
San

Shkronjat

ShkronjaEmërtimi Shqiptimi i lashtësisë Shqiptimi modern
IPA[1] Shqiptim i ngjashëm IPA[2] Shqiptim i ngjashëm[3]
Α αalfa, άλφαE shkurtër: [a]
E gjatë: [aː]		E shkurtër: ë
E gjatë: a		[ɐ]a
Β βbeta, βήτα[b][4]b[5][4][v]v
Γ γgama, γάμμα[ɡ]
[ŋ] kur vjen para γ, κ, ξ, χ, dhe ndoshta μ		g[4]
ng kur vjen para γ, κ, ξ, χ, dhe ndoshta μ[4][ex 1]		[ɣ] ~ [ʝ],
[ŋ][ex 2] ~ [ɲ][ex 3]		g ose j ose ng
Δ δdelta, δέλτα[d]d[5][4][ð]dh
Ε εepsilon, έψιλον[e]ej
Ζ ζzeta, ζήτα[zd], ose ndoshta [dz]zd,
ose ndoshta x[6][7][9]		[z]z
Η ηeta, ήτα[ɛː]e[8][i]i
Θ θtheta, θήτα[tʰ]t[8][10][7][θ]th
Ι ιiota, γιώταE shkurtër: [i]
E gjatë: [iː]		E shkurtër: i si në "ik"[8]
E gjatë: i si në "birrë"[3]		[i], [ç],[ex 4] [ʝ],[ex 5] [ɲ][ex 6]i si në "birrë"
Κ κkapa, κάππα[k]k[8][k] ~ [c]k
Λ λlambda, λάμδα[11][l]ll[5][12]
Μ μmi, μι[m]m[5][12]
Ν νni, νι[n]n[12]
Ξ ξksi, ξι[ks]ks[12]
Ο οomikron, όμικρον[o]o si në gjermanisht: "Gott"[12]
Π πpi, πι[p]p[12]
Ρ ρro, ρο[r]rr[12][5]
Σ σ/ς, Ϲ ϲ[16] sigma, σίγμα[s]
[z] para β, γ, or μ		s
z kur vjen para β, γ, or μ[12]
Τ τtau, ταυ[t]t[12]
Υ υipsilon, ύψιλονE shkurtër: [y]
E gjatë: [yː]		E shkurtër: y
E gjatë: u si në frengjisht: "ruse"[12]		[i]i
Φ φfi, φι[pʰ]p[17][f]f
Χ χhi, χι[kʰ]k[x] ~ [ç]ch si në gjermanisht: "ich"
Ψ ψpsi, ψι[ps]ps[17]
Ω ωomega, ωμέγα[ɔː]aw si në anglisht: "saw"[17][7][o]o si në gjermanisht: "Gott"

Referime

  1. ↑ Woodard 2008, fq. 15–17
  2. ↑ Holton, Mackridge & Philippaki-Warburton 1998, f. 31
  3. 1 2 Adams 1987, fq. 6–7
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Mastronarde 2013, f. 10
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Groton 2013, f. 3
  6. ↑ Hinge 2001, fq. 212–234
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Keller & Russell 2012, fq. 5–6
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Mastronarde 2013, f. 11
  9. ↑ By around 350 BC, zeta in the Attic dialect had shifted to become a single fricative, [z], as in modern Greek.[8]
  10. ↑ Mastronarde 2013, fq. 11–13
  11. ↑ Although the letter Λ is almost universally known today as lambda (λάμβδα), the most common name for it during the Greek Classical Period (510–323 BC) appears to have been labda (λάβδα), without the μ.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Mastronarde 2013, f. 12
  13. 1 2 Nicholas, Nick (2004). "Sigma: final versus non-final" (në anglisht). Marrë më 2016-09-29.
  14. 1 2 Thompson 1912, fq. 108, 144
  15. ↑ Keller & Russell 2012, f. 6
  16. ↑ The letter sigma Stampa:Angbr has two different lowercase forms in its standard variant, Stampa:Angbr and Stampa:Angbr, with Stampa:Angbr being used in word-final position and Stampa:Angbr elsewhere.[7][12][13] In some 19th-century typesetting, Stampa:Angbr was also used word-medially at the end of a compound morpheme, e.g. "δυςκατανοήτων", marking the morpheme boundary between "δυς-κατανοήτων" ("difficult to understand"); modern standard practice is to spell "δυσκατανοήτων" with a non-final sigma.[13] The letter sigma also has an alternative variant, the lunate sigma (uppercase Ϲ, lowercase ϲ), which is used in all positions.[7][12][14] This form of the letter developed during the Hellenistic period (323–31 BC) as a simplification of the older Σ σ/ς variant.[14] Thus, the word stasis can either be written στάσις or ϲτάϲιϲ.[15] In modern, edited Greek texts, the lunate sigma typically appears primarily in older typesetting.[12]
  17. 1 2 3 Mastronarde 2013, f. 13
  1. ↑ Për shembull, ἀγκών.
  2. ↑ Për shembull, εγγραφή.
  3. ↑ Për shembull, εγγεγραμμένος.
  4. ↑ Për shembull, πάπια.
  5. ↑ Për shembull, βια.
  6. ↑ Për shembull, μια.
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