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              <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span lang="ca" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cua M/D/c</span></span></h1>
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              <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr" data-mw-parsoid-version="0.24.0.0-alpha18" data-mw-html-version="2.8.0"><section data-mw-section-id="0" id="mwAQ"><p id="mwAg">En la <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Teoria_de_cues" title="Teoria de cues" id="mwAw">teoria de cues</a>, una disciplina dins de la <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Teoria_de_la_probabilitat" title="Teoria de la probabilitat" id="mwBA">teoria matemàtica de la probabilitat</a>, una <b id="mwBQ">cua M/D/c</b> representa la longitud de la <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Cua_(estructura_de_dades)" title="Cua (estructura de dades)" id="mwBg">cua</a> en un sistema amb <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwBw"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mi>c</mi>
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/86a67b81c2de995bd608d5b2df50cd8cd7d92455.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.007ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c}" loading="lazy"></span> <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Client-servidor" title="Client-servidor" id="mwCA">servidors</a>, on les arribades es determinen mitjançant un <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Proc%C3%A9s_de_Poisson" title="Procés de Poisson" id="mwCQ">procés de Poisson</a> i els temps de servei del treball són fixos (deterministes). El nom del model està escrit en la <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Notaci%C3%B3_de_Kendall" title="Notació de Kendall" id="mwCg">notació de Kendall</a>.<sup class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-1" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="#cite_note-1" id="mwCw"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwDA"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwDQ">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwDg">]</span></span></a></sup> <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Agner_Krarup_Erlang" title="Agner Krarup Erlang" id="mwDw">Agner Krarup Erlang</a> va publicar per primera vegada aquest model el 1909, començant el tema de la <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Teoria_de_cues" title="Teoria de cues" id="mwEA">teoria de cues</a>.<sup class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-2" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="#cite_note-2" id="mwEQ"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwEg"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwEw">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwFA">]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-3" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="#cite_note-3" id="mwFQ"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwFg"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwFw">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwGA">]</span></span></a></sup> El model és una extensió de la cua M/D/1 que només té un servidor únic.</p>

</section><section data-mw-section-id="1" id="mwGg" aria-labelledby="Definició_del_model"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definició_del_model"><span id="Definici.C3.B3_del_model" typeof="mw:FallbackId"></span>Definició del model</h2></div>
<p id="mwGw">Una cua M/D/c és un <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Proc%C3%A9s_estoc%C3%A0stic" title="Procés estocàstic" id="mwHA">procés estocàstic</a> que l'<a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Espai_d'estats" title="Espai d'estats" id="mwHQ">espai d'estats</a> és el <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Conjunt" title="Conjunt" id="mwHg">conjunt</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwHw"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \{0,1,2,3,...\}}">
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        <mo>,</mo>
        <mn>2</mn>
        <mo>,</mo>
        <mn>3</mn>
        <mo>,</mo>
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \{0,1,2,3,...\}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7f9f2987a959dc8b5a95e0ad359648768228ec6e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.212ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \{0,1,2,3,...\}}" loading="lazy"></span> on el valor correspon al nombre de <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Client-servidor" title="Client-servidor" id="mwIA">clients</a> del sistema, incloent-hi qualsevol que estigui actualment en servei.</p>
<ul id="mwIQ"><li id="mwIg">Les arribades es produeixen a ritme <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwIw"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation>
  </semantics>
</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" loading="lazy"></span> d'acord amb un procés de Poisson i mou el procés d'estat <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwJA"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mi>i</mi>
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/add78d8608ad86e54951b8c8bd6c8d8416533d20.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.802ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i}" loading="lazy"></span> a <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwJQ"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i+1}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mi>i</mi>
        <mo>+</mo>
        <mn>1</mn>
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    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i+1}</annotation>
  </semantics>
</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2fe1bfc8314922e4c3fdb4e8eceb20a00b4f011d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:4.805ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i+1}" loading="lazy"></span>.</li>
<li id="mwJg">Els temps de servei són un temps determinístic <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwJw"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle D}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mi>D</mi>
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle D}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f34a0c600395e5d4345287e21fb26efd386990e6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.924ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle D}" loading="lazy"></span> (servint a una relació <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwKA"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu =1/D}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
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          <mo>/</mo>
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        <mi>D</mi>
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu =1/D}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2234a5a351bb667c8a94b59bace43ab277adf888.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.749ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu =1/D}" loading="lazy"></span>).</li>
<li id="mwKQ">Els <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwKg"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mi>c</mi>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c}</annotation>
  </semantics>
</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/86a67b81c2de995bd608d5b2df50cd8cd7d92455.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.007ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c}" loading="lazy"></span> servidors serveixen clients des de la part superior de la cua segons una disciplina <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../FIFO" title="FIFO" id="mwKw">FIFO</a>. Quan el servei està complet, el client deixa la cua i el nombre de clients del sistema es redueix d'una sola vegada.</li>
<li id="mwLA">El <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Mem%C3%B2ria_interm%C3%A8dia" title="Memòria intermèdia" id="mwLQ">buffer</a> té una mida infinita, de manera que no hi ha cap límit en el nombre de clients que pugui contenir.</li></ul>

</section><section data-mw-section-id="2" id="mwLg" aria-labelledby="Distribució_del_temps_d'espera"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribució_del_temps_d'espera"><span id="Distribuci.C3.B3_del_temps_d.27espera" typeof="mw:FallbackId"></span>Distribució del temps d'espera</h2></div>
<p id="mwLw">Erlang va demostrar que quan <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwMA"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho (\lambda D)/c<1}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
        <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
        <mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
        <mi>D</mi>
        <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mo>/</mo>
        </mrow>
        <mi>c</mi>
        <mo>&lt;</mo>
        <mn>1</mn>
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho (\lambda D)/c&lt;1}</annotation>
  </semantics>
</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8fd5bf673f7e03a00d57e0a80c8c3b5482ef5dee.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.721ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho (\lambda D)/c<1}" loading="lazy"></span>, la distribució del temps d'espera té distribució <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwMQ"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F(y)}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mi>F</mi>
        <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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        <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F(y)}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1eadf02ab183fb1a25db88855970e45e079eb205.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.706ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F(y)}" loading="lazy"></span> donada per:<sup class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-franx_4-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="#cite_note-franx-4" id="mwMg"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwMw"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwNA">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwNQ">]</span></span></a></sup></p>

<dl id="mwNg"><dd id="mwNw"><dl id="mwOA"><dd id="mwOQ"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwOg"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F(y)=\int _{0}^{\infty }F(x+y-D){\frac {\lambda ^{c}x^{c-1}}{(c-1)!}}e^{-\lambda x}{\text{d}}x,\quad y\geq 0\quad c\in \mathbb {N} .}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <mi>F</mi>
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          <mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mn>0</mn>
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            <mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
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        <mi>D</mi>
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                <mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
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              <msup>
                <mi>x</mi>
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              <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
              <mi>c</mi>
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              <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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        <msup>
          <mi>e</mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
            <mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
            <mi>x</mi>
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        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mtext>d</mtext>
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        <mi>x</mi>
        <mo>,</mo>
        <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
        <mi>y</mi>
        <mo>≥<!-- ≥ --></mo>
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        <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
        <mi>c</mi>
        <mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
        <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
          <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi>
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F(y)=\int _{0}^{\infty }F(x+y-D){\frac {\lambda ^{c}x^{c-1}}{(c-1)!}}e^{-\lambda x}{\text{d}}x,\quad y\geq 0\quad c\in \mathbb {N} .}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7cf172efb70943192c876037da97d95162332b01.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:58.856ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F(y)=\int _{0}^{\infty }F(x+y-D){\frac {\lambda ^{c}x^{c-1}}{(c-1)!}}e^{-\lambda x}{\text{d}}x,\quad y\geq 0\quad c\in \mathbb {N} .}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl>

<p id="mwOw">Crommelin va mostrar això, escrivint <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwPA"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{n}}">
  <semantics>
    <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
      <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
        <msub>
          <mi>P</mi>
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mi>n</mi>
          </mrow>
        </msub>
      </mstyle>
    </mrow>
    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{n}}</annotation>
  </semantics>
</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5949c8b1de44005a1af3a11188361f2a830842d1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.711ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{n}}" loading="lazy"></span> per a la probabilitat estacionària d'un sistema amb <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwPQ"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
  <semantics>
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</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span> o menys clients:<sup class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-5" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="#cite_note-5" id="mwPg"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwPw"><span class="cite-bracket" id="mwQA">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket" id="mwQQ">]</span></span></a></sup></p>

<dl id="mwQg"><dd id="mwQw"><dl id="mwRA"><dd id="mwRQ"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline" typeof="mw:Extension/math" id="mwRg"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {P} (W\leq x)=\sum _{n=0}^{c-1}P_{n}\sum _{k=1}^{m}{\frac {(-\lambda (x-kD))^{(k+1)c-1-n}}{((K+1)c-1-n)!}}e^{\lambda (x-kD)},\quad mD\leq x<(m+1)D.}">
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    <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {P} (W\leq x)=\sum _{n=0}^{c-1}P_{n}\sum _{k=1}^{m}{\frac {(-\lambda (x-kD))^{(k+1)c-1-n}}{((K+1)c-1-n)!}}e^{\lambda (x-kD)},\quad mD\leq x&lt;(m+1)D.}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="../../_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/06fa2312ec185aac084a517af3c4f4a34f12e056.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:81.504ex; height:7.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {P} (W\leq x)=\sum _{n=0}^{c-1}P_{n}\sum _{k=1}^{m}{\frac {(-\lambda (x-kD))^{(k+1)c-1-n}}{((K+1)c-1-n)!}}e^{\lambda (x-kD)},\quad mD\leq x<(m+1)D.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl>

</section><section data-mw-section-id="3" id="mwRw" aria-labelledby="Referències"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies" typeof="mw:FallbackId"></span>Referències</h2></div>
<div class="reflist " style=" list-style-type: decimal;" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwSA">
<div class="mw-references-wrap" typeof="mw:Extension/references" id="mwSQ"><ol class="mw-references references" id="mwSg"><li id="cite_note-1" data-mw-footnote-number="1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" id="mwSw"><a href="#cite_ref-1" rel="mw:referencedBy" id="mwTA"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwTQ">↑</span></a></span> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-1" class="mw-reference-text reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFKendall1953" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../David_George_Kendall" title="David George Kendall" id="mwTg"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" id="mwTw">Kendall</span>, D. G.</a><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwUA"> </span>«<a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aoms/1177728975" class="external text" id="mwUQ">Stochastic Processes Occurring in the Theory of Queues and their Analysis by the Method of the Imbedded Markov Chain</a>»<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwUg"> </span>(en anglès).<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwUw"> </span><i id="mwVA">The Annals of Mathematical Statistics</i>,<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwVQ"> </span>24(3),<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwVg"> </span>1953,<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwVw"> </span>p.<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwWA">&nbsp;</span>338. <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../DOI" title="DOI" id="mwWQ">DOI</a>: <a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1214%2Faoms%2F1177728975" class="external text" data-mw-original-href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1214%2Faoms%2F1177728975" id="mwWg">10.1214/aoms/1177728975</a>. <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../JSTOR" title="JSTOR" id="mwWw">JSTOR</a>: <a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2236285" class="external text" id="mwXA">2236285</a>.</span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-2" data-mw-footnote-number="2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" id="mwXQ"><a href="#cite_ref-2" rel="mw:referencedBy" id="mwXg"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwXw">↑</span></a></span> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-2" class="mw-reference-text reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFKingman2009" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" id="mwYQ">Kingman</span>, J. F. C.<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwYg"> </span>«The first Erlang century—and the next»<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwYw"> </span>(en anglès).<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwZA"> </span><i id="mwZQ">Queueing Systems</i>,<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwZg"> </span>63,<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwZw"> </span>2009,<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwaA"> </span>p.<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwaQ">&nbsp;</span>3–4. <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../DOI" title="DOI" id="mwag">DOI</a>: <a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11134-009-9147-4" class="external text" data-mw-original-href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11134-009-9147-4" id="mwaw">10.1007/s11134-009-9147-4</a>.</span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-3" data-mw-footnote-number="3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" id="mwbA"><a href="#cite_ref-3" rel="mw:referencedBy" id="mwbQ"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwbg">↑</span></a></span> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-3" class="mw-reference-text reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwbw"><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwcA"> </span>«<a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207184053/http://oldwww.com.dtu.dk/teletraffic/erlangbook/pps131-137.pdf" class="external text" id="mwcQ">The theory of probabilities and telephone conversations</a>»<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwcg"> </span>(<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33780657" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles" id="mwcw">
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<li id="cite_note-franx-4" data-mw-footnote-number="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" id="mwhQ"><a href="#cite_ref-franx_4-0" rel="mw:referencedBy" id="mwhg"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwhw">↑</span></a></span> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-franx-4" class="mw-reference-text reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFFranx2001" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" id="mwiA">Franx</span>, G. J.<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwiQ"> </span>«A simple solution for the M/D/c waiting time distribution»<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwig"> </span>(en anglès).<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwiw"> </span><i id="mwjA">Operations Research Letters</i>,<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwjQ"> </span>29(5),<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwjg"> </span>2001,<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwjw"> </span>p.<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwkA">&nbsp;</span>221–229. <a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../DOI" title="DOI" id="mwkQ">DOI</a>: <a rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0167-6377%2801%2900108-0" class="external text" data-mw-original-href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0167-6377%2801%2900108-0" id="mwkg">10.1016/S0167-6377(01)00108-0</a>.</span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-5" data-mw-footnote-number="5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" id="mwkw"><a href="#cite_ref-5" rel="mw:referencedBy" id="mwlA"><span class="mw-linkback-text" id="mwlQ">↑</span></a></span> <span id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-5" class="mw-reference-text reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFCrommelin1932" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" id="mwlg">Crommelin</span>, C. D.<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwlw"> </span>«Delay probability formulas when the holding times are constant»<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwmA"> </span>(en anglès).<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwmQ"> </span><i id="mwmg">P.O. Electr. Engr. J.</i>,<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwmw"> </span>25,<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwnA"> </span>1932,<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwnQ"> </span>p.<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwng">&nbsp;</span>41–50.</span></span></li>
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<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Teoria_de_cues" style="padding:3px" typeof="mw:Transclusion" id="mwnw"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Teoria_de_cues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Teoria_de_cues" title="Teoria de cues">Teoria de cues</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nodes de cua únics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Cua_D/M/1" title="Cua D/M/1">Cua D/M/1</a></li>
<li>Cua M/D/1</li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Cua_M/D/c" class="mw-selflink selflink">Cua M/D/c</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Cua_M/M/1" title="Cua M/M/1" class="mw-redirect">Cua M/M/1</a>
<ul><li>Teorema de Burke</li></ul></li>
<li>Cua M/M/c</li>
<li>Cua M/M/∞</li>
<li>Cua M/G/1
<ul><li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../F%C3%B3rmula_de_Pollaczek-Khinchine" title="Fórmula de Pollaczek-Khinchine" class="mw-redirect">Fórmula de Pollaczek-Khinchine</a></li>
<li>Mètode de la matriu analítica</li></ul></li>
<li>Cua M/G/k</li>
<li>Cua G/M/1</li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Cua_G/G/1" title="Cua G/G/1">Cua G/G/1</a>
<ul><li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../F%C3%B3rmula_de_Kingman" title="Fórmula de Kingman">Fórmula de Kingman</a></li>
<li>Equació de Lindley</li></ul></li>
<li>Cua d'unió de forquilles</li>
<li>Cua de mida gran</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processos d'arribada</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Proc%C3%A9s_d'arribada_markovi%C3%A0" title="Procés d'arribada markovià">Procés d'arribada markovià</a></li>
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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Xarxes de cues</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>Teorema de Gordon-Newell
<ul><li>Anàlisi del valor mitjà</li>
<li>Algoritme de Buzen</li></ul></li>
<li>Xarxa BCMP</li>
<li>Xarxa G</li>
<li>Xarxa de Jackson
<ul><li>Equacions de trànsit</li></ul></li>
<li>Xarxa de Kelly</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Polítiques de servei</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>Compartiment de processos</li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../FIFO" title="FIFO">FIFO</a></li>
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<li>Temps restant més curt</li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Treball_m%C3%A9s_curt" title="Treball més curt">Treball més curt</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Cadena_de_M%C3%A0rkov" title="Cadena de Màrkov">Cadena de Màrkov en temps continu</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Llei_de_Little" title="Llei de Little">Llei de Little</a></li>
<li>Mètode de Beneš</li>
<li>Mètode de descomposició</li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Notaci%C3%B3_de_Kendall" title="Notació de Kendall">Notació de Kendall</a></li>
<li>Solució en forma de producte
<ul><li>Equació d'equilibri</li>
<li>Quasireversibilitat</li>
<li>Mètode de servidor equivalent al flux</li></ul></li>
<li>Teorema de l'arribada</li></ul>
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<ul><li>Aproximació al trànsit intens
<ul><li>Moviment brownià reflectit</li></ul></li>
<li>Límit fluid</li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Teoria_del_camp_mitj%C3%A0" title="Teoria del camp mitjà">Teoria del camp mitjà</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extensions</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>Cua de prova de nou</li>
<li>Cua fluida</li>
<li>Pèrdua de xarxa</li>
<li>Sistema de votació</li>
<li>Xarxa de cues adversàries</li>
<li>Xarxa de cues en capes</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Sistema_d'informaci%C3%B3" title="Sistema d'informació">Sistema d'informació</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Canonada_(inform%C3%A0tica)" title="Canonada (informàtica)">Canonada</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Congesti%C3%B3_de_xarxa" title="Congestió de xarxa">Congestió de xarxa</a></li>
<li>Control de flux</li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Cua_de_missatges" title="Cua de missatges">Cua de missatges</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Distribuci%C3%B3_d'Erlang" title="Distribució d'Erlang">Distribució d'Erlang</a></li>
<li>Enginyeria de tràfic</li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Erlang_(unitat)" title="Erlang (unitat)">Erlang</a></li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Mem%C3%B2ria_interm%C3%A8dia" title="Memòria intermèdia">Memòria intermèdia</a></li>
<li>Planificador</li>
<li>Planificador de xarxes</li>
<li><a rel="mw:WikiLink" href="../../Qualitat_de_servei" title="Qualitat de servei">Qualitat de servei</a></li></ul>
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