List of people executed in Virginia (pre-1972)

The following is a list of people executed by the U.S. state of Virginia before 1972, when capital punishment was briefly abolished by the Supreme Court's ruling in Furman v. Georgia. For executions after the restoration of capital punishment by the Supreme Court's ruling in Gregg v. Georgia (1976), see List of people executed in Virginia.[1][2][3][4]

Note: Cases in former counties that have since been absorbed by independent cities are listed under their present-day subdivision (ex. City of Virginia Beach for Princess Anne County).

Hanging

  Slave executions

1820s

Name Race Age Sex Date of execution County or City Crime Victim(s) Governor
Moses Black M January 21, 1820 Madison Conspiracy to murder Henry (owner) and Eliza Barnes, white[5] Thomas Mann Randolph Jr.
Chaney Black F
Robin Black M March 3, 1820 Amherst Murder Isaac, black[6]
Jordan Black M March 24, 1820 Henrico Murder William Woodram, white[7]
Abram Black M April 7, 1820 James City Murder Nat, black[8]
Ned Black M June 9, 1820 King William Murder Elizabeth Smith, white[9]
Bob Black M August 12, 1820 Sussex Attempted murder David Mason, white (owner)[10]
Jack Black M November 17, 1820 New Kent Murder Daniel B. and Mildred B. Ford, white[11]
Burrill Black M November 24, 1820 Surry Housebreaking-Burglary Priscilla Wren, black[12]
Jeff Black M
John Black M May 4, 1821 Orange Murder King, black[13]
Manuel Garcia White 37 M June 1, 1821 City of Norfolk Murder Peter Lagaudette, white[14]
Jose Castillano White 49 M
Jesse Carbell Mixed M June 9, 1821 City of Suffolk Murder Capt. Shelton, white[15]
Armistead Black M June 11, 1821 Charlotte Murder William Graves, white[16]
Winston Black M July 6, 1821 Orange Rape Sarah Baxter, white[17]
Patrick Black M August 10, 1821 Louisa Murder Samuel P. Wade, white[18]
Abel Black M August 15, 1821 Southampton Murder James and Amelia Powell, white[19]
Celia Black F
Tom Black M September 25, 1821 Campbell Murder Martha Harris and Nancy Gregory, white[20]
Ben Hopkins White M October 28, 1821 Rockingham Murder[21]
Pat Black F November 3, 1821 Charlotte Murder Martha Farris, white[22]
John Gillman White M November 30, 1821 Caroline Murder-Burglary Jane Coats, white[23]
William Reid White M December 14, 1821
Henry Black 13 M March 1, 1822 Mecklenburg Murder Three people, white[24][25][a]
Ned Black M March 29, 1822 Cumberland Attempted murder Elizabeth Whitlock, white[26]
Michael Montgole White M June 21, 1822 Montgomery[b] Murder Female, white (wife)[27]
Ned Mixed M July 26, 1822 City of Chesapeake Rape Elizabeth Riggs, white[28]
Plato Black M September 21, 1822 Bedford Murder Edy, black[29]
Ralph Black M November 15, 1822 Bedford Murder Sophia Coleman, infant, white[30]
Scott Black M June 6, 1823 Lunenburg Murder Bob, black[31] James Pleasants
Dempsey Carr White M June 20, 1823 Isle of Wight Murder-Robbery John McCall, white[32]
Lewis Black M June 27, 1823 City of Chesapeake Murder William Walker, white[33]
Alexander Black M July 11, 1823 Orange Rape Jane Long, white[34]
Jasper Black M July 11, 1823 City of Chesapeake Murder William Walker, white[35]
Charles Black M July 12, 1823 Campbell Rape Frances Clark, white[36]
Bob Ferebee Black M July 25, 1823 City of Chesapeake Murder David Manning, white[37]
Bill Black M August 7, 1823[38] Augusta Rape
John Black M November 21, 1823 Chesterfield Rape Female, white[39]
Mingo Black M January 16, 1824 City of Suffolk Murder John Kelly, white[40]
Sam Black M March 26, 1824 New Kent Murder Charles, black[41]
Humphrey Black M April 2, 1824 Hanover Murder George King, white[42]
Thornton Black M
Jack Black M September 3, 1824 City of Suffolk Aggravated burglary Garrett Knight and Thomas Gill, white[43][c]
Dick Black M October 26, 1824 Culpeper Aggravated burglary[d] John Teale and Lucy Wade, white[44]
Lawrence Black M Aggravated burglary
Reuben Black M December 1, 1824 Orange Murder James Dennison, white (owner)[45]
Hudson Sprouce White M December 10, 1824 Rockingham[e] Murder Susan Sprouce, white (relative)[46][47]
Stephen Black M December 31, 1824 Brunswick Murder Cary, black[48]
Sam Black M January 21, 1825 City of Suffolk Murder Simon, black[49]
Ned Black M February 4, 1825 Dinwiddie Arson
Jim Black M April 8, 1825 King William Murder Thomas Edwards, white (owner)[50]
Johnson Black M
Tom Black M June 1825 Lancaster Murder
Joseph Burgess White M July 8, 1825 Prince William Murder Charles Gollyhorn, white[51]
Moses Black M September 29, 1825 Hanover Murder Armistead, black[52]
Isaac Black 16 M October 21, 1825 Albemarle Attempted rape Sally Callerton, white[53]
Bartlett Black M April 14, 1826 King and Queen Murder Jack, black[54] John Tyler
Bill Black M May 5, 1826 Madison Murder Elijah Powell, white (owner)[55]
Henry Black M
William Hooe White M July 3, 1826 Fairfax Murder-Robbery William Simpson, white[56]
Stephen Black M July 28, 1826 King George Unspecified felony
Milly Black F July 28, 1826 Patrick Murder Male, newborn, black (child)[57]
Solomon Black M August 4, 1826 Prince Edward Murder Nancy Morgan, white[58]
Dinwiddie Black M August 11, 1826 Sussex Rape Mary Jane Holloway, child, white[59]
Charles Black M August 25, 1826 Cumberland Murder Sally Hudgins, white[60]
Jim Black M October 6, 1826 Accomack Burglary[61]
Leven Black M Burglary Abigail Mister, white[62]
George Black M October 6, 1826 City of Virginia Beach Highway robbery John Camp Jr., white[63]
David Black M November 10, 1826 Brunswick Murder Wright Griffin, white (owner)[64]
Archer Black M April 27, 1827 Lunenburg Murder John Hamlin, white (owner)[65] William Branch Giles
Billy Black M
David Black M
Nathan Black M
Sam Black M
Big Stephen Black M
Tom Black M
Peter Black M May 1827 Essex ?
Jack Black M May 11, 1827 City of Virginia Beach Highway robbery John Camp Jr., white[66]
Edmond Black M June 1, 1827 Lunenburg Attempted murder Stephen Pettus, white[67]
Jim Black M June 15, 1827[68] Northampton Housebreaking-Burglary
Jonathan DeVaughn White 70 M June 27, 1827 City of Alexandria[f] Murder Tobias Martin, white[69]
Lewis Black M July 27, 1827 Cumberland Murder James Fontaine, white (owner)[70]
Jose Cesares White M August 17, 1827 City of Richmond (Federal)[71] Murder Multiple people on the Crawford[72][g]
Felix Barbeito White M
Jose Morando White 30 M
Henry Black M September 7, 1827 Mathews Aggravated burglary Thomas (owner) and Ledelia Davis, white[73]
Judy Black F October 26, 1827 Fluvanna Murder Sarah Brunson, white (loan owner)[74][h]
Buck Black M November 1, 1827 Halifax Rape
Allen Black M November 30, 1827 Washington Murder Jonathan Smith, white (owner)[75]
Frank Black M December 28, 1827 Dinwiddie Unspecified felony
Nelly Black F March 17, 1828 Southampton Murder Sally Shield, white[76]
Robert Black M June 20, 1828 City of Petersburg Murder-Robbery Rick O. Maher, white[77]
Sam Black 18 M June 23, 1828 Lancaster Murder-Rape Miss B. George, white[78]
Jeffrey Black M August 22, 1828 Louisa Rape Lucy Schooler, white[79]
Shadrack Black M November 21, 1828 Pittsylvania Murder George, black[80]
Whiteford White M December 1828 Chesterfield Murder Mr. Mosby and Mr. Anderson, white[81]
Harry Black M January 9, 1829 Powhatan Murder Elbert Mosby, white (owner)[82]
Lewis Black M July 24, 1829 Mecklenburg Rape Amey Baker, white[83]
Gabriel Black 15 M August 21, 1829 Patrick Rape Nancy Hill, white[84]
Dick Black M August 24, 1829 York Poisoning Bray family, white[85]
Adam Black M August 26, 1829 Hanover Murder William Boyer, white[86][87][i]
Sandy Black M August 28, 1829
Davy Black M
Alexander Black M October 16, 1829 Bedford Murder Floyd, child, white[88]
Annis Black F October 21, 1829 Amelia Attempted murder Mr. and Mrs. Matthew Allen, white[89]
Joseph Black M November 22, 1829 Shenandoah Rape Anna Ray, white[90]

1830s

Name Race Age Sex Date of execution County or City Crime Victim(s) Governor
Reuben Black M May 3, 1830 Henry Murder Frederick, black[91] John Floyd
Henry Black M June 25, 1830 Franklin Attempted rape
Pvt. Wheeler White M July 16, 1830 Chesterfield Murder Male, white[92][j]
Daniel Black M July 30, 1830 City of Richmond Murder James Drummond, white[93]
John M. Jones White M August 16, 1830 City of Lynchburg Murder George Hamilton, white[94]
Charles Young White M November 26, 1830 Caroline Murder Thomas Griffin Thornton, white[95]
Dick Black M July 29, 1831 Loudoun Rape Pleasant Cole, white[96]
Daniel Black M September 5, 1831 Southampton Slave revolt[97]
Moses Black M
Davy Black M September 9, 1831 Southampton Slave revolt[98][99]
Nat Black M
Nelson Black M
Davy Black M September 12, 1831 Southampton Slave revolt[100]
Jack Black M
Nathan Black M September 21, 1831 Southampton Slave revolt[101]
Dred Black M
Curtis Black M
Stephen Black M
Sam Black M
Hark Black M
Jack Niles Black M September 23, 1831 City of Suffolk Slave revolt[102]
Ned Black M September 23, 1831 Sussex Slave revolt
Solomon Black M
Nicholas Black M
Booker Black M
Jarrett Black M October 14, 1831 Spotsylvania Murder Rose and Jarrett, child (Jarrett), black[103]
Ned Black M October 21, 1831[104] Sussex Slave revolt
Solomon Black M
Nicholas Black M
Booker Black M
Joe Black M October 24, 1831 Southampton Slave revolt[105]
Lucy Black F
Dick Black M October 27, 1831[106] Westmoreland Rape
Sam Black M November 4, 1831 Southampton Slave revolt[107]
Nat Turner Black M November 11, 1831 Southampton Slave revolt
Elleck Black M November 16, 1831 Prince George Murder John H. Lewis, white (owner)[108]
Ephraim Black M
Dennis Black M
Anthony Black M
Preston Black M
Ben Black M December 20, 1831 Southampton Slave revolt[109]
Elizabeth Black F March 9, 1832 City of Norfolk Conspiracy to poison[110]
John Black M May 4, 1832 Richmond Murder William Davis, white[111]
Barry Newsome Black M May 11, 1832 Southampton Sedition[112][k]
Renah Black F October 5, 1832 Prince Edward Poisoning Orford, black[113]
Fanny Black F
Joshua Black M November 2, 1832 Prince Edward Rape[114]
John Tumns White M November 9, 1832 Scott Murder John Wright, white[115]
Sam Black M March 22, 1833 Northumberland
Bob Black M April 19, 1833 Chesterfield Rape Catharine Lockett, white[116]
John Black M June 14, 1833 King and Queen Murder
Ben Black M June 21, 1833 Frederick Rape Charlotte Middleton, white[117]
Mary Black M June 21, 1833 Southampton Attempted murder
Sim Black M November 8, 1833 Madison Murder[118]
Lee Black M October 18, 1833 Albemarle Murder-Robbery Peter U. Ware, white[119]
Peter Black M
Peter Black M July 11, 1834 Grayson Rape Eve Haga, white[120] Littleton Waller Tazewell
Caleb Watts Black M July 18, 1834 Westmoreland Attempted rape[121]
Nelly Black F August 1, 1834 Bedford Murder Joseph F. Wheat, infant, white[122]
George Black M August 3, 1834 Prince Edward Murder John and Jesse Kirby, white (owners)[123]
Littleton Black M
Nelson Black M October 31, 1834 City of Lynchburg Murder Edward Jones, white[124]
Ben Black M March 6, 1835 Fauquier Murder Samuel Woodall, white[125]
Thomas Jones White M July 3, 1835 Westmoreland Murder Female, white (wife)[126]
Pleasant Gillis Black M July 24, 1835 City of Petersburg Rape Female, white[127]
Robert Hoy White M July 24, 1835 Rockingham Murder Mrs. Smoot, white[128]
Ephraim Black M July 31, 1835 Accomack Robbery
Lewis Black M
Spencer Black M
Humphrey Black M April 15, 1836 Caroline Murder Samuel Kendall, white[129] Wyndham Robertson
Phoebe Black F May 13, 1836 Essex Murder Carter Lumpkin, white (owner)[130]
Simmons Black M April 7, 1837 Nottoway Murder Frederick Fowkes, white (owner)[131] David Campbell
Frank Black M December 1, 1837 City of Richmond Murder Michael Doddy, white[132]
David Black M December 8, 1837 Pittyslvania Rape[133]
Jackson Henry Black M December 15, 1837 Fairfax Rape Female, white[134]
Orange Black M December 15, 1837 Lunenburg Attempted murder John McFarland, white[135]
Jacob Crabtree White M December 29, 1837 Botetourt Murder George Blaze, white[136]
William Bennett White M January 19, 1838 Pittsylvania Murder Dr. J. H. Echols, white[137]
Randolph Black M July 13, 1838 Louisa Murder George Thornley, white (owner)[138]
George Black M September 14, 1838 Powhatan Murder James Lovell, white[139]
Andrew Black M September 24, 1838 Bath Murder Mary Mayse Deed, child, white[140][l]
Lucinda Black F
Jim Black M October 12, 1838 Bedford Murder Esther, black[141]
Mehegan Black M November 30, 1838 City of Suffolk Murder Mr. Bird, white (constable)[142]
Benjamin Puller Black M December 28, 1838 Frederick Murder William Brent, white[143]
Frank Black M March 13, 1839 Southampton Rape Polly Oney, white[144]
Jeff Black M
Bob Black M May 3, 1839 Cumberland Arson N/A[145]
Henry Black M May 22, 1839 Wythe Arson N/A[146]
Henry Black M September 6, 1839 Spotsylvania Attempted murder Eldridge Satterwhite, white[147]
Jacob Black M November 8, 1839 Madison Arson N/A[148]
Henry Morris Black M December 10, 1839 York Aggravated assault[149]
Henry Black M December 20, 1839 ? Murder[150]

1840s

Name Race Age Sex Date of execution County or City Crime Victim(s) Governor
Henry Black M February 18, 1840 Orange Attempted rape[151] David Campbell
Spencer Black M May 22, 1840 Fairfax Insurrection[152] Thomas Walker Gilmer
Random Black M July 14, 1840 Nottoway Murder[153]
Lewis Black M September 11, 1840 Nottoway Murder[154]
Betsy Black F September 25, 1840 Fauquier Murder John Somerfield Wilson, infant, white[155]
Anthony Black M October 16, 1840 Lunenburg Highway robbery[156]
Nicholas Black M October 20, 1840 Southampton Insurrection[157]
Ampey Black M November 27, 1840 Dinwiddie Rape[158]
Diana Black F March 1, 1841 Greensville Attempted poisoning[159]
Stephen Black M March 12, 1841 Chesterfield Murder
John Black M October 1, 1841 City of Chesapeake Attempted murder Rebecca Cooper, white[160][m] John Rutherfoord
Captain Black M April 8, 1842 Page Murder John W. Bell, white (owner)[161] John Munford Gregory
Martin Black M
David Lucas White M August 12, 1842 Giles Murder-Robbery John Ruff, white[162]
Daniel Wright Black M August 12, 1842 Alleghany Murder John Punsinger, white (owner)[163]
Robin Black M September 16, 1842 Northampton Attempted murder William Harmonson, white[164]
Ephraim Black M December 23, 1842 Dinwiddie Arson[165][166]
Matthew Black M
Benjamin Stegall White M January 6, 1843 Halifax Murder[167] James McDowell
Flemming Black M January 20, 1843 Chesterfield Murder
Beverly Black M May 19, 1843 Halifax Rape Mrs. Phelps, white[168]
Arthur Black M November 10, 1843 Albemarle Rape[169]
George Black M November 24, 1843 King William Rape Elizabeth Quarles, white[170]
Jerry Black M December 22, 1843 Lunenburg Rape Eliza Benfield, white[171]
George Black M January 5, 1844 Fluvanna Murder Andrew Bruce, white (owner)[172]
Lewis Black 19 M February 2, 1844 Cumberland Rape
Robin Black M March 29, 1844 Pittsylvania Murder Female, black (wife)[173]
Willis Black M April 12, 1844 Pulaski Attempted rape[174]
Andrew Black M August 9, 1844 Albemarle Rape
John Black M September 27, 1844 Accomack Rape Sarah Broadwater, white[175]
Frederick Black M January 15, 1845 Rappahannock Poisoning James Green, white (owner)[176]
Jack Black M March 28, 1845 City of Suffolk Attempted rape Nancy Cutherell, white[177]
Jerry Black M June 20, 1845 Campbell Attempted murder Mrs. John A. Mohr, white[178]
Moses Johnson Black M December 19, 1845 City of Richmond Murder Felix Ferguson, white (guard)[179]
George Freeman Black M December 19, 1845 Augusta Rape Malvina Whittock, white[180]
Jim Black M
George Black M
John Black M January 31, 1846 City of Petersburg Attempted murder George L. Taylor, white[181] William Smith
Moses Henry Black M March 24, 1846 City of Richmond Murder Delia Fisher, black[182]
Watson Black M June 12, 1846 Albemarle Housebreaking-Burglary
Bob Black M May 7, 1847 Nottoway Murder
Peter Black M May 21, 1847 Goochland Murder John Trice, 14, white[183]
Posey Black M
Everett Day Black M June 4, 1847 Chesterfield Attempted rape Female, white[184]
Daniel Black M July 30, 1847 Halifax Murder[185]
Willis Black M July 30, 1847 Sussex Murder
Giles Black 20 M December 10, 1847 Henrico Murder Thomas B. Goodman, white (overseer)[186]
Billy Black M April 28, 1848 City of Petersburg Murder John Mingeon, black[187]
King Black M May 12, 1848 Henrico Murder Moses, black[188]
Jefferson Black M July 28, 1848 Wythe Murder Reuben, black[189]
William Black M September 16, 1848 Gloucester Murder James B. Catlett, white[190]
Simon Black M October 6, 1848 Prince Edward Conspiracy to murder Charles A. Scott, white[191]
Simon Black M
Reuben Black M November 10, 1848 City of Charlottesville Attempted murder Dr. Garland A. Garth, white (owner)[192]
Neal Lewis[n] Black M December 15, 1848 Loudoun Murder
William Epes White M December 22, 1848 Dinwiddie Murder-Robbery Francis Adolphus Muir, white[193]
Jim Mays Black M September 28, 1849 Pittsylvania[194] Murder John B. Floyd
Eliza Black F October 12, 1849 Brunswick Poisoning Noble, infant, white[195]
Roberta Black F
Bob Black M October 19, 1849 Halifax Aggravated assault Unknown, white[196]
Wesley Black M December 28, 1849 Mecklenburg Rape Martha Brame, white[197]

1850s

Name Race Age Sex Date of execution County or City Crime Victim(s) Governor
Peter Black M February 8, 1850 Prince George Arson N/A[198] John B. Floyd
Henry Black M April 5, 1850 Southampton Murder Thomas H. Artis, white[199]
Henry Black M June 25, 1850 Franklin Attempted rape[200]
Henry Gunn Black M June 28, 1850 Henrico Murder Richard Whichells, white (owner)[201]
Agnes Black F July 19, 1850 Prince William Murder Gerard Mason, white (owner)[201]
Robert Black M August 16 or 17, 1850 Lancaster Murder Victor Snead, white[202]
Ben Black M November 29, 1850 Rockbridge Rape Female, white[203]
Dick Black M March 7, 1851 Mecklenburg Poisoning[204]
Simon Black M October 31, 1851 Grayson Murder Samuel Bartlett and John Clements, white[205]
Lewis Black M
Jack Black M
Bickerton Black M December 19, 1851 Louisa Murder Robert T. Talley, white[206]
Frank Black M Murder[207]
Andrew Black M December 26, 1851 Middlesex Attempted rape Female, white[208]
Edmund Clore White M March 26, 1852 Madison Murder Thomas Carpenter, white[209] Joseph Johnson
Edward Clements White M April 23, 1852 City of Richmond (Federal) Murder-Piracy[210][211]
Thomas Reid White M
Mahalia Black F May 14, 1852 Giles Murder Sally, elderly, black[212]
Molly Black F September 10, 1852 Sussex Attempted murder John R. Magee, white[212]
Jane Black F September 10, 1852 Powhatan Murder Mrs. Tamzin H. Beasley, white[213]
Jane Williams Black F September 10, 1852 City of Richmond Murder Winston family (three people), white[214]
Jerry Black M September 24, 1852 Page Aggravated assault Unknown, white[215]
John Williams Black M October 22, 1852 City of Richmond Murder Winston family (three people), white[214]
Miles Black M November 12, 1852 City of Virginia Beach Rape
Sydney Black M January 7, 1853 Nottoway Murder Thomas Dean, white[216]
Andrew Black M June 10, 1853 Charlotte Rape
John S. Wormley White M June 24, 1853 Chesterfield Murder Anthony T. Robiou, white[217]
Tom Black M July 1, 1853 Mecklenburg Arson N/A[218]
Margaret Buckner Black F August 12, 1853 Culpeper Murder Reuben Gaines, white[219]
Jim Phillips Black M
Joshua Goings Black M August 12, 1853 Albemarle Murder Female, black (daughter)[220]
Buck Black M September 9, 1853 Sussex Murder Mr. Birdson, child, white[221]
Harris Black M
John Black M
Benjamin Smith Black M December 9, 1853 Washington Rape Ms. Trent, minor, white[222]
Hemphill Trayer White M January 6, 1854 Augusta Murder-Robbery William Coleman, elderly, white[223]
Sally Black F February 17, 1854 Halifax Murder Female, black[224]
Jim Gooch Black M March 10, 1854 Rockbridge Murder Sam, black[225][226]
Jack Black M August 22, 1854 Henry Murder John Barrow, white[227]
William Black M October 6, 1854 Surry Rape Julia Ann Rogers, white[228]
Washington Black M November 17, 1854 Henrico Arson N/A[229]
Frank Black M April 27, 1855 Prince Edward Murder Violet, black (wife)[230]
Henry Black M June 29, 1855 Buckingham Murder Franklin Deane and Thomas Shenault, white[231]
Ned Black M August 31, 1855 Dinwiddie Murder Unknown, black[232]
Joe Jones Black M October 26, 1855 Chesterfield Attempted rape Ms. Dassonville, white[233]
Jim Jones Black M November 1855 Bedford Murder Mr. Woodson, white[234]
John Black M November 16, 1855 Dinwiddie Murder Tom, black[235]
George Black M February 1, 1856 Wythe Aggravated assault Mrs. Stone, white[236] Henry A. Wise
Farriss Black M April 11, 1856 Bedford Murder Capt. James H. Robinson, white[237]
Jacob Black M April 21, 1856 Charles City Murder E. W. Harwood, white[238]
Julius Black M May 28, 1856 Charlotte Murder Unknown, black[239]
Anna Black F June 20, 1856 Charles City Arson
Smith Black M August 1, 1856 Goochland Murder Thomas W. Terry, white[240][o]
Henry Black M
Amelia Black F September 12, 1856 Caroline Murder Isabella Atkins, minor, black[241]
Sam Black M September 26, 1856 Highland Murder Francis W. Sheridan, white[242]
Jesse Black M October 10, 1856 Buckingham Rape Female, 13, white[243]
Anderson Black M November 7, 1856 Spotsylvania Rape Female, 12, white[244]
James Black M November 9, 1856 Bedford Murder Unknown, black[245]
Nelly Black 65 F February 13, 1857 Prince William Murder George Green, white (owner)[246]
Betsy Black 45 F
James Black 17 M
Arthur Black 17 M June 5, 1857 Caroline Attempted murder Mrs. John Clift, white[247]
Catharine Black F August 21, 1857 Louisa Murder Salena J. Hill, white[248]
Anthony Black M October 23, 1857 Amherst Attempted murder John P. Campbell, white[249]
Reuben Black M October 23, 1857 Appomattox Murder Tom, black[250]
James Crowley White M November 6, 1857 Caroline Murder Mr. Houston, 18, white[251]
Jim Black M November 20, 1857 City of Suffolk Attempted murder William R. Brothers, white (owner)[252]
Harvey Black M
Jenny Black 30 F February 26, 1858 Arlington Murder Elizabeth Hall, white[253]
Major Black M March 1858 Charles City Unspecified felony
Henry Bradley Black M March 19, 1858 New Kent Murder James C. Grant, white[254][p]
Dick Bradley Black M
Major Morris Black M
Jesse Crockett Black 25 M April 30, 1858 Stafford Murder-Robbery William Griffin, white[255]
B. S. Pate White M June 25, 1858 Scott Murder Mr. Lutrell, white[256]
James Catlett Black M August 6, 1858 Frederick Murder Sam Brock, elderly, black[257]
Tom Long Black M August 13, 1858 Pittsylvania Attempted murder Elisha F. Keen, white[258]
Madison Black M September 3, 1858 Surry Murder John W. Watkins, white[259]
Jane Black F September 10, 1858 Bedford Murder Christopher Musgrove, white (owner)[260]
Bray Saunders White M January 14, 1859 Southampton Murder Female, white (wife)[261]
Henry Black M March 2, 1859 Goochland Attempted rape
William Brown White 35 M March 25, 1859 Alleghany Murder Jacob M. Nicely, white[262]
Richard Black M April 19, 1859 Henry Poisoning Greenbery B. Nichols, white (owner)[263]
James Johnson White M May 13, 1859 Rappahannock Murder Female, white (wife)[264]
Dow Black M May 17, 1859 Henry Poisoning Greenbery B. Nichols, white (owner)[265]
Harry Black M
Patrick Murphy White M July 1, 1859 Alleghany Murder Female, white (wife)[266]
David Black M July 22, 1859 Richmond Attempted rape Female, white[267]
Angelina Black F September 30, 1859 Culpeper Arson N/A[268]

1860s

Note: Executions under military authority during the Civil War, both Union and Confederate, are not listed here.

Name Race Age Sex Date of execution County or City Crime Victim(s) Governor
Jim Black M March 2, 1860 Bedford Murder Male, white[269] John Letcher
Henry Black M March 2, 1860 Goochland Attempted rape[270]
Ann Black F April 6, 1860 Essex Murder Dr. William Croxton, white (owner)[271]
Eliza Black F
Branch Black M May 11, 1860 Nottoway Murder Hyram Fowlkes, white[272]
English Black M
Jordan Black M May 18, 1860 City of Danville Murder Bob, black[273]
Winston Black M May 18, 1860 Greene Aggravated assault Male, white (overseer)[274][q]
Elisha Black M August 3, 1860 Louisa Unspecified felony[275]
William Hendricks White M August 31, 1860 City of Lynchburg Murder Thomas Johnson, white[276]
George Black M August 31, 1860 Halifax Rape Mary J. Vaughan, white[277]
Colin Black M November 9, 1860 Lunenburg Poisoning Spencer family, white[278][r]
Dick Black M
John Black M
William D. Totty White 25 M November 16, 1860 Henrico Murder Female, white (sister-in-law)[279]
Harriet Black F 1861[s] Frederick Murder Hetty A. Cooley, white (owner)[280]
Nelson Black M January 25, 1861 Caroline Murder Unknown, white[281]
Andrew Black M March 1861 Caroline Arson
Charles Black M June 29, 1861 Louisa Aggravated burglary[282]
Addison Black M July 26, 1861 Dinwiddie Attempted murder
Hiram Black M September 1861 Rockingham Rape[283]
Mark Black M October 11, 1861 Nottoway Arson
Nelson Black M January 1862 Appomattox Murder[284]
Isaac Black M March 28, 1862 Orange Murder Unknown, white[285]
Ben Black M April 18, 1862 Amherst Rape[286]
Clara Ann Black F May 23, 1862 City of Richmond[t] Murder Female, white (owner)[287]
John Buck Black M June 20, 1862 Lunenburg Aggravated assault[288]
John Richardson White 30 M August 22, 1862 City of Richmond[u] Counterfeiting N/A[289]
Oscar Black M September 12, 1862 Botetourt Murder Mr. Tribbett, white[290]
Bibb Black M September 12, 1862 Sussex Attempted rape Alice Spiers, white[291]
Johnson Black M October 10, 1862 Nottoway Murder
John Black M January 2, 1863 Henrico Attempted murder
Margaret Black 20 F January 9, 1863 City of Richmond[v] Murder Francis Deane Tardy, infant, white[292]
Emanuel Black M January 16, 1863 Lunenburg Aggravated burglary-Rape Jane Dodd and Elizabeth Norman, white[293]
Jerry Black M January 23, 1863 Washington Murder William McDaniel, white[294]
Jim Black M
Mary Jane Black F January or February 1863 Hanover Aggravated assault[295]
Herod Black M April 1863 Bedford Murder Unknown, black[296]
Orris Brown Black M May 15, 1863 Southampton Arson N/A[297]
Morgan Black M May 22, 1863 City of Petersburg Arson
Richard Black M May 29, 1863 City of Richmond[w] Aggravated assault Male, white (overseer)[298]
Alsie Black F June 1863 Craig Attempted murder Male, white[299]
Henry Black M June 26, 1863 Patrick Housebreaking-Burglary
Armstead Black M July 1, 1863 Amherst Murder General Dillard, white (owner)[300]
Bet Black F
George Black M
Jane Black F
Sarah Black F
Seaton Black M
Miles Black M July 31, 1863 Amelia Aggravated assault J. B. Littlepage, white (owner)[301]
James Stover White M August 14, 1863 Roanoke Murder-Robbery John Peyton, white[302]
Charles Black M September 11, 1863 Powhatan Murder Robert R. Williams, white (owner)[303]
Jaque Black M
Joe Black M
Landon Black M
Emma Black 16 F March 11, 1864 Botetourt Poisoning Fannie Lewis and Ada Wood, white[304] William Smith
Fed Black M August 26, 1864 Mecklenburg Insurrection[305]
Henry Black M October 7, 1864 City of Richmond Arson[x] N/A[306]
Unknown Black M October 21, 1864 City of Richmond Housebreaking-Burglary[y] N/A[307]
Ben Black M
Tom Black M January 6, 1865 Bedford Attempted murder Male, white (owner)[308]
Bob Black M February 10, 1865 Nottoway Insurrection[309]
Claiborne Black M March 17, 1865 Franklin Rape Female, white[310]
Gilley Black M March 24, 1865[z] City of Petersburg Attempted rape-Robbery Female, white[311]
Thomas Shields White 28 M April 20, 1866 City of Richmond Murder Robert Taylor, white[312] Francis Harrison Pierpont
Glenroy Baker Black M November 16, 1866 Spotsylvania Murder-Robbery Judson Motley, 20, white[313]
Solomon Stamper Black M November 24, 1866 Grayson Rape[aa] Female, minor, white[314]
John G. Robertson White 24 M December 28, 1866 Stafford Murder-Robbery Mr. and Mrs. Limerick, white[315]
Benjamin Harden White M June 28, 1867 Tazewell Murder Mr. Bierne, white[316]
Isaac Yarborough Black M November 1, 1867 Lunenburg Murder-Robbery Samuel S. Rowlett, white[317]
Harrison Young Black 35 M August 25, 1868 City of Newport News Murder John Wooten, white[318] Henry H. Wells
John Perkins White 36 M October 9, 1868 City of Portsmouth Rape Sarah J. Ford, white[319]
Adam Franklin Black M May 28, 1869 Appomattox Murder Haxall Johnson, black[320]
Albert Taylor Black 30 M May 29, 1869 City of Richmond Murder Paulina Hubbard, black[321]
Peter Riddick White M July 23, 1869 City of Portsmouth Murder Cornelius Hayes, white[322]

1870s

Name Race Age Sex Date of execution County or City Crime Victim(s) Governor
Alexander Gardiner Black 35 M February 11, 1870 New Kent Murder-Rape John Baker and Mrs. Stewart, black and white[323] Gilbert Carlton Walker
Spencer Wright Black M June 3, 1870 Northampton Murder Mr. Westcott, white[324]
William Taylor Black M June 17, 1870 King George Murder-Robbery Willie Jett, 17, white[325]
Lewis Kennedy Black M July 1, 1870 New Kent Murder-Rape John Baker and Mrs. Stewart, black and white[326]
James Phillips White 27 M July 22, 1870 Henrico Murder Mary J. Pitts, white (wife)[327]
John Walkabout White M August 5, 1870 Accomack Murder Agnes Latham, white[328]
York Campbell Black M August 5, 1870 Culpeper Murder Pollux Patrick, elderly, black[329]
Warner Taylor Black M August 12, 1870 King George Murder-Robbery Willie Jett, 17, white[330]
Henry East Black 20 M September 16, 1870 Isle of Wight Murder Josiah S. Gray, white[331]
Peter Lawrence Black 35 M
Moses Newby Black 27 M
Jacob Wallace Black 18 M
Archer Hines Mixed 26 M October 7, 1870 Prince Edward Murder Anderson Fowlkes, 35, black[332]
Kit Hubbard Black M November 25, 1870 Pittsylvania Murder Joseph E. Anderson, elderly, white[333][334]
John Jackson Black M February 24, 1871
Thomas McGriffin White M July 21, 1871 Greensville Murder Mr. Drummond, white (constable)[335]
Richard Green Black 28 M July 28, 1871 Prince George Murder Charles Friend, white[336]
William Henry Black 27 M
Jacob Brock Black 45 M December 8, 1871 Louisa Murder Judy Brock, black (wife)[337]
Charles Manley Black M March 28, 1873 Arlington Murder Mr. Monroe, white[338]
Archie Johnson Black M June 13, 1873 Russell Murder John Hart, white[339]
Jim Brown Black 21 M July 11, 1873 City of Suffolk Murder Elizabeth Jones and Sarah Dozier, 47 and 59, white[340]
William Jackson Black M August 15, 1873 Arlington Murder Mary Jackson, black (wife)[341]
Edward Brown Black M June 12, 1874 Culpeper Murder-Robbery Male, white[342] James L. Kemper
John Diggs Black M November 13, 1874 Nelson Murder Female, black (wife)[343]
Jesse Fowlkes Black M March 19, 1875 Prince William Murder Mr. and Mrs. Jeremiah Herndon, white[344][ab]
Thomas Withers Black M August 13, 1875 City of Lynchburg Murder Female, young, white[345]
Isaac Griffin Black 28 M March 2, 1876 City of Norfolk Rape Female, black (sister-in-law)[346]
Hillary Page Black M September 1, 1876 Chesterfield Arson[ac] N/A[347]
Frank Smith Black M 1877 City of Virginia Beach Rape Anne Lovitt, black[348]
Jack Pleasants Black M June 8, 1877 Dinwiddie Murder Ann Lundy, black[349]
Andrew Shifflett White M September 25, 1877 Rockingham Murder David G. Lawson, white[350]
John Robinson Black 25 M May 31, 1878 Caroline Murder Eliza Ray, black (love interest)[351] Frederick W. M. Holliday
Julius Christian Black 21 M March 25, 1879 New Kent Murder-Robbery John S. Lacey, 45, white[352]
Patrick Smith Black 20 M
Winter Payne Black M July 11, 1879[ad] Fauquier Murder James Adams, elderly, black[353]
John Williams Black M Murder-Robbery Howard Holzcraw, white[354]
Frank Baker Black 22 M December 19, 1879 Sussex Murder Henrietta Shands and her child, 18 months, black[355]
John Dean White M December 19, 1879 Scott Murder Henry E. Fugate, white[356]

1880s

Name Race Age Sex Date of execution County or City Crime Victim(s) Governor
General Webb White 48 M January 9, 1880 Carroll Murder-Robbery Joshua Nester, 86, white (father-in-law)[357] Frederick W. M. Holliday
Samuel Robinson Black M April 9, 1880 Loudoun Murder Edward Thomas, black[358]
Charles Bolling Black 17 M May 28, 1880 Hanover Rape[ae] Ms. Gathwright, 5, white[359]
Peter Wright Black M October 29, 1880 Bedford Murder Robert W. Maupin, white[360]
Albert Mitchell Black 23[361] M November 5, 1880 Louisa Murder-Robbery Charles K. Walton, white[362]
Marcus Hawley White 29 M November 26, 1880 Roanoke Murder Zachariah Hayes, white[363]
Lucinda Fowlkes Black F April 22, 1881 Lunenburg Murder Male, black (husband)[364]
Dock Wright Black 18 M March 31, 1882 Pittsylvania Murder J. Cole Arthur, white[365] William E. Cameron
Armistead Gray Black M June 9, 1882 Powhatan Murder Lincoln Gray, 14, black (son)[366]
Walter Yates White M August 4, 1882 Pittsylvania Murder Presley E. Adkerson, white[367]
Charles Beaver Black 16 M March 30, 1883 Loudoun Rape Ms. Hunt, 10, white[368]
Louis Carter Black M June 22, 1883 Southampton Murder Fanny Carter, black (wife)[369]
Charles Lee Black 21 M August 3, 1883 Henrico Murder Daniel Miller, black (Barbara's husband)[370][371]
Barbara Miller Black F September 14, 1883 Accessory to murder
Isaac Evans Black 18 M September 28, 1883 Pittsylvania Murder-Robbery William F. Shephard, white[372]
Reuben King Black 20 M
Sawney Younger Black 20 M
John Jarvis White M January 11, 1884 Powhatan Murder C. W. Bonney, white[373]
Abraham Russell White M May 9, 1884 Lee Murder Ira Dean, white (father-in-law)[374]
George Gibson White M February 6, 1885 Scott Murder Will Gibson, white[375]
Wayne Powers White M
Joe Barbour Black M June 18, 1885 Albemarle Murder Randall Jackson, black[376]
Horace Terrell Black M Murder-Rape Mary Foster, child, black[376]
Jacob Butler Black M November 20, 1885 York Murder James Griffin, black[377]
Wes Honesty Black M June 4, 1886 Frederick Murder Joseph McFaul, 18, white[378] Fitzhugh Lee
Tably Banks Black M
Thomas Cluverius White M January 14, 1887 City of Richmond Murder Fannie Lillie Madison, white (girlfriend)[379]
Holmes Puryear White M August 12, 1887 Prince George Murder Female, white (wife)[380]
William Finchum White 29 M December 30, 1887 Rockingham Murder Preston Finchum, white (brother)[381]
John C. Johnston Black M January 6, 1889 Richmond Rape[382]
John Pritchett Black 30 M March 29, 1889 Pittsylvania Rape Female, child, white[383]
Walter Harris Black M May 3, 1889 Greensville Murder[384]
Robert Williams Black M
Paul Key Black 33 M October 5, 1889 Spotsylvania Rape Ms. Ballard, child, white[385]

1890s

Name Race Age Sex Date of execution County or City Crime Victim(s) Governor
Thomas Wilson Black 25 M July 25, 1890 Henry Murder Jim Davis, black[386] Philip W. McKinney
John Phillips Black 35 M August 15, 1890 Mecklenburg Murder Capt. Robert Camillius Overboy, white[387][af]
George Early Black M August 22, 1890 Franklin Arson[ag] N/A[388]
Bird Woods Black M
William Jordan Black M April 21, 1891 City of Charlottesville Murder G. F. Leal, white (policeman)[389]
Randall Watson Black M July 10, 1891 Greensville Murder Joe Robinson, black[390]
James B. Craney Black M April 24, 1891 Rockbridge Murder Unknown, black[391]
Walter Johnson Black M May 23, 1891 City of Petersburg Rape Elizabeth Majors, white[392]
Henrietta Murrell Black F September 28, 1891 Charlotte Murder Rice children (two), white[393]
Robert Jordan Black M October 23, 1891 City of Hampton Rape Mrs. Moore, white[394]
Henry Nolan Black 19 M November 20, 1891 Botetourt Murder Mr. Mocca, white[395]
Henry Curtis Black M November 21, 1891 City of Portsmouth Arson-Robbery[396]
Charles Watkins Black M January 8, 1892 Roanoke Murder Susan Watkins, black (wife)[397]
Margaret Hashley Black F January 22, 1892 City of Danville Accessory to murder George Hashley, black (Margaret's husband)[398]
James Lyles Black M Murder
George Gaines Black 26 M May 27, 1892 Essex Murder Percy Carlton, white[399]
Talton Hall White M September 2, 1892 Wise Murder Enos B. Hylton, white (Newton constable)[400][ah]
Bill Davis Black M September 9, 1892 Tazewell Murder Male, black (policeman)[401]
John Royster Black M February 9, 1893 City of Suffolk Murder John P. Eppes, white[402]
George Drier White 30 M June 16, 1893 Northampton Murder-Robbery Fannie McFadden, white[403]
Marshall W. Taylor White 58 M October 27, 1893 Wise Murder-Robbery Mullins family, white[404][ai]
William Foreman Black 24 M November 24, 1893 City of Portsmouth Murder Carrie Carrington, black[405]
Jim Robinson Black M April 27, 1894 Prince William Rape Mrs. Mifflin and Mrs. Elliott, white[406] Charles Triplett O'Ferrall
Benjamin White Black M
Lawrence Spiller Black M June 8, 1894 Augusta Murder-Rape Lettie Rowe, 15, white[407]
Madison Brown Black M July 31, 1894 City of Norfolk Murder John Dollard, white[408]
William G. Taylor White M August 17, 1894 Pulaski Murder Female, white (wife)[409]
Moses Christopher Black 19 M November 14, 1894 Caroline Rape Ms. Carter, 7, white[410]
William Robertson White 21 M January 25, 1895 Franklin Murder-Robbery Jerre Barbour, 68, white[411]
Thornton Parker Black M April 19, 1895 Frederick Rape Mrs. Milton White, white[412]
Morris Hopkins Black M April 24, 1895 Henrico Murder Henry S. Parsons, white[413]
Philip Nicholas White M July 25, 1895 Henrico Murder William J. Wilkerson and James Mills, white[414]
James Harris Black 22 M August 23, 1895 King and Queen Attempted rape Female, child, white[415]
Kit Leftwich Black M October 11, 1895 City of Bristol Attempted rape Annie Fogarty, minor, white[416][aj]
Robert Ridley Black M October 18, 1895 Sussex Murder Mr. Williams, white[417]
Ed Hubbard Black M November 1, 1895 Halifax Murder Isaac Colland, black[418]
John Weatherman White 38 M February 14, 1896 Carroll Murder Female, white (wife)[419]
John Johnson Black M June 12, 1896 Lancaster Murder Charles L. Carter, white[420]
Henry Magruder Black M June 19, 1896 Alleghany Rape Mrs. N. E. Ballengoe, white[421][ak]
Taylor Harmon Black M June 27, 1896 Albemarle Murder Thomas W. Thompson, white[422]
Solomon Marable Black M July 3, 1896 Prince Edward Murder Lucy Jane Pollard, white[423]
America "Mary" Snodgrass White 18 F July 10, 1896 Wise Murder[al] Unknown, 6 months, mixed (child)[424][425][am]
Harry Chapman Black M August 7, 1896 Culpeper Murder Henry Pendleton, black[426]
William Downing Black M January 5, 1897 City of Norfolk Murder Emma Lane, black[427]
Charles Williams Black M Murder-Robbery George Bess, black[427][428]
James Lewis Black M June 4, 1897 Halifax Rape Ida Reidell, white[429][an]
Joseph Fife Black M August 26, 1897 City of Richmond Attempted rape Mrs. Marks, white[430]
Edward Hankins White 52 M November 11, 1897 Pittsylvania Murder Dr. John Roy Cabell, 74, white[431]
John Hardin White 22 M December 17, 1897 Buchanan Murder John Mounts, white[432]
Peter Coleman Black M December 24, 1897 Hanover Murder Louisia White, white[433]
Archie Lockley Black M January 14, 1898 King and Queen Murder Three people, black[434][ao] James Hoge Tyler
James Eskins Black M May 18, 1898 Fauquier Rape Female, 11, white[435]
Isaac Paylor Black 23 M May 20, 1898 Mecklenburg Murder Female, black (wife)[436]
Anthony Mayfield Black 51 M September 16, 1898 Sussex Murder Etta Wells (wife) and Robert Harris, black[437]
Joseph Terrell Black M September 23, 1898 Albemarle Murder Melinda Brown, black (mother-in-law)[438]
Robert Morton Black 24 M November 4, 1898 City of Petersburg Murder George H. Westmoreland, white[439]
John Andersen White M December 9, 1898 City of Norfolk (Federal) Murder Male, white (captain of Oliver Pecker)[440][ap]
Jordan Webb Black M December 9, 1898 Southampton Rape Lucy Bowden, elderly, white[441]
Arthur Lovitt Black M December 16, 1898 City of Virginia Beach Murder Mr. Neasley, white (special constable)[442]
John Hancock Black 18 M December 30, 1898 City of Lynchburg Rape Two females, 9 and 11, white[443]
James Webster Black 18 M January 6, 1899 Bedford Rape Mary Aunspaugh, elderly, white[444]
George W. Hite White 65 M January 23, 1899 Mecklenburg Murder William Bowers, 66, black[445]
Noah Finley Black M September 15, 1899 Pulaski Highway robbery[aq] James H. Darst 61, white[446]

1900s

Name Race Age Sex Date of execution County or City Crime Victim(s) Governor
Junius Robinson Black 21 M January 2, 1900 Dinwiddie Murder W. M. Jolly, white[447] James Hoge Tyler
Reuben Griggs Black 17 M March 23, 1900 Cumberland Rape Martha Hatcher, 6, black[448]
Charles Hairston Black M June 20, 1900 Henry Attempted rape Ms. Gouldin, white[449][450]
Stephen Baptist Black M July 10, 1900 Mecklenburg Murder-Robbery Peter Jones, white[451]
Grant Reed Black 36 M August 4, 1900 Madison Murder Female and male, black (wife and father-in-law)[452]
William Woodson Black M December 13, 1900[ar] City of Richmond Murder Ambrose Ferrebee, black (cellmate)[453][454]
John Holden Black M December 21, 1900 Accomack Attempted rape Virginia Clayton, 9, white[455][as]
Sylvester Griffin Black M December 28, 1900 City of Danville Murder Georgia King, black[456]
Archie Hunt Black M January 25, 1901 City of Lynchburg Murder Thomas Gills, white[457]
Edward Payne Black M July 12, 1901 Pulaski Attempted rape Miss Duncan, white[458]
John Fugate Black M August 23, 1901 Wise Murder Female, black (wife)[459]
Cicero Harris Black M December 20, 1901 City of Bristol Murder Samuel Ware, black[460]
Joe Higginbotham Black 20 M February 24, 1902 City of Lynchburg Rape Mrs. Ralph Webber, white[461] Andrew Jackson Montague
Neal Stanback Black 18 M March 12, 1902 City of Portsmouth Rape Elizabeth Prelier, 70, white[462]
George Robinson Black M August 1, 1902 Wise Murder Tom Bates, black (brother-in-law)[463]
George Easter Black M August 22, 1902 Greensville Murder Thomas Woodruff, white[464]
Robert Foy Black M August 29, 1902 Wise Murder Dayton H. Miller, white[465]
John Lomax Black M September 9, 1902 Westmoreland Rape Susie Constenbader, white[466]
Burrell Johnson Black 17 M September 23, 1902 New Kent Attempted rape Addie Clowe, white[467]
John Hicks White 47 M October 3, 1902 Louisa Murder Milton Bourne, white (son-in-law)[468]
John Evans Black M October 24, 1902 Brunswick Murder Female, black (wife)[469]
Jerry Kimbrough Black M December 22, 1902 Hanover Rape Mrs. Taylor, white[470]
Jack Brown Black M January 2, 1903[at] Goochland Murder James R. Parker, black[471][472]
Ernest Davis Black M January 9, 1903 Chesterfield Murder John Henry Stokes, black[473]
William Treadwell Black M January 16, 1903 City of Portsmouth Murder Female, black (wife)[474]
Arthur Wilton Black M February 6, 1903 City of Danville Murder Jake Lee, white[475]
Alex Spencer Black 18 M April 10, 1903 Halifax Murder-Robbery
Samuel Waters Black M April 23, 1903 City of Norfolk Murder Unidentified male, white[476]
Evans A. Hopson Black 35 M June 12, 1903 Wise Murder John Salyers, 67, white[477]
Anderson Finch Black M September 2, 1903 Mecklenburg Attempted rape Mrs. C. A. Geoghegan, white[478]
Sherman Stevens Black M September 25, 1903 City of Roanoke Murder Male, black (father)[479]
Clifton Branham White 40 M September 25, 1903 Wise Murder Female, white (wife)[480][au]
Doc Bacon Black M October 3, 1903 Mecklenburg Attempted rape Mrs. C. A. Geoghegan, white[481]
Will Jones Black M October 9, 1903 City of Danville Murder Jake Lee, white[482][av]
Robert Gleeson Black 55 M December 30, 1903 Amherst Murder J. C. Reed, white[483]
Frank Bradley Black M January 30, 1904 Nelson Murder-Robbery W. P. Harris, white[484]
Parker Robinson Black M March 4, 1904 Brunswick Murder[485]
John Clements Black M March 11, 1904 King William Murder George W. Hobough, white[486]
Henry Williams Black M March 18, 1904 City of Roanoke Murder-Rape-Robbery Mrs. George J. Shields, white[487][aw]
Chesley Peoples White M March 25, 1904 Wythe Murder John Seagle, white[488]
Henry Woodward Black M May 6, 1904 Tazewell Murder Frank Tabor, white[489]
James Bailey Black 18 M September 26, 1904 Southampton Murder Cadmus Williams, black[490]
John H. Banks Black M September 30, 1904 Buckingham Murder John Brown, black[491]
James Goode Black M January 6, 1905 City of Richmond Murder John Shinberger, 63, white (police inspector)[492][ax]
Benjamin Lipkin Black M January 27, 1905 Clarke Murder Richard Ellison, black[493]
J. Samuel McCue White 46 M February 10, 1905 City of Charlottesville Murder Fannie McCue, 40, white (wife)[494]
Edwin Austin Black M March 16, 1905 Henrico Rape Female, 10, black[495]
Peter Dancy Black 35 M Murder Female, black[496]
Robert Bowles Black M March 17, 1905 Alleghany Murder J. A. Ruff, white[497]
James Linkous White 55 M March 17, 1905 City of Radford Murder Female, white (wife)[498][ay]
Robert Turner Black M March 24, 1905 Washington Murder Lou Jefferson, black[499]
Cloyd Hale Black M May 12, 1905 Pulaski Murder John Hart, white[500]
William Hansboro Black 32 M June 15, 1905 Bath Murder James R. McKeen, white[501]
Charles Dean Black M September 13, 1905 Craig Murder Fred Hawkins, black[502]
Winston Gaines Black M November 22, 1905 Charles City Murder Laura Ennis, black[503]
Cephas Poindexter Black M November 24, 1905 Franklin Murder Zack T. Wade, 35, white (U.S. deputy marshal)[504]
Morris Cremeans White 42 M April 6, 1906 Giles Murder George Kidd, elderly, white[505] Claude A. Swanson
Robert Booker Black M May 18, 1906 Prince Edward Murder Male, black[506]
Gabriel Battaile Black 16 M June 8, 1906 King George Rape Lena Rogers, white[507][508]
Ben Hubbard Black M June 28, 1906 Alleghany Murder Robert Brown, white[509]
Andrew Davenport Black M July 13, 1906 City of Newport News Murder William Thomas, black[510]
Thomas Jones Black 25 M July 13, 1906 Grayson Murder Male, black (Jones' father)[511]
Charles Woodruff Black 29 M Accessory to murder
William Wilshire White 22 M August 3, 1906 Rockbridge Murder Harry J. Smith, white[512]
Sim Bagby Black M September 28, 1906 Middlesex Attempted rape Cora Stanley, 22, white[513]
James Ward Black M January 18, 1907 City of Richmond Murder Carrie Meekins, white[514]
Massie Hill Black M February 15, 1907 Prince Edward Murder-Robbery John Grubb, white (postmaster)[515]
William Ruffin Black M
Arthur Davis Black 20 M March 8, 1907 Surry Murder-Robbery J. F. Saleby, Syrian[516]
Peter Good White 25 M March 22, 1907 Page Murder Fannie Brown, white (girlfriend)[517]
James King Black 19 M June 7, 1907 Giles Murder Mr. Early, white[518]
John Hardy Black M June 14, 1907 City of Roanoke Murder Robert M. Beard, 52, white (policeman)[519]
Frank Allen Black M August 22, 1907 Mecklenburg Attempted rape Mrs. Harvey Callis, white[520]
William McIntosh Black M September 5, 1907 City of Norfolk Murder-Robbery Charles W. Parks, white[521]
William Harris Black 22 M October 18, 1907 Chesterfield Rape Female, 18, white[522]
George Peters White 35 M October 18, 1907 Carroll Murder Rev. Joseph Easter, white[523]
John Taylor Black 18 M November 22, 1907 Caroline Murder Judson Coleman, black[524]
John Gillison Black M November 29, 1907 Madison Murder Pearl Thomas, white[525]
Thomas Johnson Black M December 13, 1907 King William Murder-Robbery Chapman P. Snead, white[526]
Noah Fulton White 19 M December 13, 1907 Washington Murder John Johnson, 21, white[527]
George Midgets Black M February 14, 1908 City of Alexandria Murder-Robbery Charles T. Smith, white[528][az]
Walter Rippey Black 27 M March 27, 1908 Tazewell Rape Mary Dancey, white[529]
Grant Goode Black M April 3, 1908 Brunswick Murder Samuel Rivers[530]
Leo Thurman White 25 M April 10, 1908 City of Norfolk Murder-Robbery Walter P. Dolsen, white[531]
Daniel Jackson Black M April 24, 1908 Greensville Murder Female, black (wife)[532]
Lee Strother Black M September 11, 1908 Madison Attempted rape Leola Frye, young, white[533][ba]
Joel Payne Black M April 9, 1909 Bedford Murder Reed Swaine, black (father-in-law)[534]

Electrocution

On March 6, 1908, the state senate passed a house bill replacing local hangings with centralized electrocution at the state penitentiary.[535] The state's final hanging took place on April 9, 1909, when Joel Payne, a black man, was hanged for the murder of his father-in-law Reed Swaine in Bedford.[534] However, William Turner was hanged in Henrico County on June 24, 1921, for a federal murder conviction as hanging was mandatory for all federal executions at the time.[536] Virginia was the first Southern state to switch from hanging to electrocution.[537]

Name Race Age Sex Date of execution County or City Crime Victim(s) Governor
Henry Smith Black 22 M October 13, 1908 City of Portsmouth Rape Katharine Powell, 78, white[538] Claude A. Swanson
Winston Green Black 17 M October 30, 1908 Chesterfield Attempted rape Alice Larsen, 12, white[539]
Frank Davenport Black 23 M January 4, 1909 City of Portsmouth Murder John Taylor, 25, black[540]
Charles Gillespie Black 24 M February 18, 1909 City of Richmond Attempted rape Marie Louise Stumpf, 19, white[541]
Benjamin Gilbert White 19 M March 19, 1909 City of Norfolk Murder Amanda B. Morse, 21, white (love interest)[542]
Aurelius Christian Black 17 M March 22, 1909 Botetourt Murder-Rape Mary Dobbs, 14, white[543]
James Smith Black 24 M April 8, 1909 Henrico Murder-Robbery James Flynn, 65, white[544]
Harry Seaborne Black 22 M April 16, 1909 Greensville Rape Rebecca Turner, 33, black[545]
John Brown Black 57 M April 30, 1909 Powhatan Murder-Robbery Mary E. Skipwith and Walter Johnson, 72 and 38, white[546]
William Brown Black 33 M
Isham Taylor Black 32 M May 5, 1909
Joe Taylor Black 34 M
Lewis Jenkins Black 40 M May 7, 1909
John Flemming Black 27 M July 30, 1909 Lunenburg Murder Rosa Flemming, black (wife)
William H. Wise Black 29 M August 27, 1909 City of Petersburg Murder Thomas Walker, black
Howard Bragg White 24 M September 24, 1909 Rockbridge Murder Thomas Drawboro, 50, white (brother-in-law)[547]
Jack Traynham Black 24 M November 12, 1909 City of Lynchburg Murder Edgar Turner, 30, black[548]
Harry Robinson Black 23 M December 9, 1909 Warren Murder William Larkin Sealock, 46, white
Clifton Breckenridge Black 20 M December 17, 1909 City of Staunton Attempted rape Dorothy Powell, 6, white[549]
Thurman Spinher Black 18 M January 14, 1910 Bedford Murder Charles W. Noell, 19, white
W. P. Parker Black 25 M January 25, 1910 City of Norfolk Murder Samuel Fisher, black
William Goins Black 38 M January 28, 1910 Roanoke Murder Thomas Walker, black
Howard Little White 38 M February 11, 1910 Buchanan Murder-Robbery Six people, white[550][bb] William Hodges Mann
Willie Blake Black 23 M City of Chesapeake Rape Alice Jernigan, 60, white[551]
Elijah Rouse Black 28 M April 25, 1910 City of Chesapeake Murder Benjamin Taylor, black[552]
Henry Smith Black 45 M June 3, 1910 City of Alexandria Murder-Robbery Walter F. Schultz, 35, white[553]
Thomas Noel Black 25 M June 10, 1910 City of Chesapeake Murder Joseph W. Sykes, 41, white (deputy sheriff)[554]
Angelo Hamilton White 27 M July 1, 1910 City of Lynchburg Murder Sallie B. Hicks, 23, white[555]
Arch Brown White 32 M September 22, 1910 Augusta Murder Cletis Higgs and Perry Hoy, 8 and 23, white[556]
Pink Barbour Black 22 M September 23, 1910 Rockbridge Murder James M. Lee, 59, white
John Eccles Black 17 M November 11, 1910 Henry Murder Sidney Woods, black[557]
Waverly Coles Black 20 M November 25, 1910 City of Richmond Murder Edward Fuller, black
John Smyth White 34 M December 16, 1910 City of Norfolk Murder Beatrice and Rita A. Smyth, 29 and 12, white (wife and daughter)[558]
Harry Sitlington Black 17 M Rockbridge Murder Fannie Brown, 70, white[558]
Richard Biggs Black 28 M January 7, 1911 City of Newport News Murder Annie Davis, 25, black
Alex Holloman Black 24 M June 2, 1911 City of Virginia Beach Murder Martha Holloman and her child, 20 and 1, black (wife and child)[559]
Henry Beattie Jr. White 26 M November 24, 1911 Chesterfield Murder Louisa Beattie, 21, white (wife)[560]
John Williamson Black 20 M March 15, 1912 Halifax Murder Ellis Watkins, black
William Price Black 19 M June 14, 1912 Chesterfield Murder W. T. Belcher, 47, white (guard)[561]
John Furby Black 19 M
Byrd Jackson Black 18 M June 21, 1912 Caroline Robbery[bc] J. L. Farmer, white[562][563]
Clarence Nixon Black 24 M City of Chesapeake Rape Lizzie Skiles, 36, white[562]
Virginia Christian Black 17[bd] F August 16, 1912 City of Hampton Murder-Robbery Ida Belote, 52, white
Herbert Peyton Black 20 M November 8, 1912 King George Murder Carolinas Johnson, 23, black[564]
Richard Quarles Black 29 M January 3, 1913 Hanover Rape Myrtle Rouse, 16, white[565][be]
Roy Sullivan White 32 M February 28, 1913 Pittsylvania Murder John Howard, 24, white (guard)[566]
Floyd Allen White 56 M March 28, 1913 Wythe[bf] Murder William McDonald Foster, 57, white (state attorney)[567][bg]
Claude Allen White 23 M
James Goode Black 28 M May 2, 1913 City of Newport News Murder-Robbery Julius Smith, 24, white[568]
Alfred Wright Black 21 M May 16, 1913 Appomattox Rape Bertha Ferguson, 31, white
F. L. Hargrove Black 39 M June 20, 1913 Spotsylvania Murder Mansfield and Melvina Thornton, 40 and 41, black[569]
Owen Goggin Black 36 M June 27, 1913 Bedford Attempted rape Elizabeth M. Nance, 32, white
Nelson Carter White 47 M Spotsylvania Murder Hattie B. Carter, 33, white (wife)[570]
Benjamin Bailey Black 21 M August 8, 1913 Fairfax Rape Helen Mary Follin, 6, white
William Glenn Black 26 M August 16, 1913 City of Norfolk Murder Rosie Pitts, 20, black (girlfriend)[571][bh]
Minnie Collins Black 20 M October 31, 1913 Northampton Attempted rape Sarah B. Gayle, 15, white
Lee Archer Black 22 M December 5, 1913 City of Virginia Beach Rape Cora Whitehurst, 15, white[572]
Newell Walker White 29 M Charles City Murder Mary L. Walker, 25, white (wife)[572]
Charlton Moore Black 54 M January 16, 1914 King William Murder Hannah Hill Moore, 45, black (wife) Henry Carter Stuart
Willie Rhodes Black 27 M January 30, 1914 Charlotte Murder
Marion Lee Black 30 M March 19, 1914 City of Williamsburg Murder Delaware Brown, black
Walter Boyd Black 24 M March 27, 1914 City of Richmond Murder Benjamin Franklin, black
George Woods Black 32 M May 22, 1914 City of Danville Murder Maria Woods, black (wife)
Will Calloway Black 48 M July 10, 1914 Lee Murder Male, black (nephew)[573]
Willie Puryear Black 19 M August 7, 1914 Mecklenberg Attempted rape Mrs. S. F. Hite, white[574]
Henry Coach Black 33 M August 21, 1914 Nottoway Highway Robbery[bi] Alexander Murdock, 62, white
John Edmunds Black 27 M December 18, 1914 Prince Edward Murder Henry Morton, 49, black
Arthur Neale Black 19 M January 8, 1915 King William Attempted rape-Robbery Annie Vitalish, minor, white
Charles Miller Black 29 M March 26, 1915 Halifax Murder John Fountain, black
Herbert Caple Black 24 M April 30, 1915 Sussex Highway robbery[bj] Joseph M. Fuller, 54, white
Skipwith Sydner Black 25 M May 21, 1915 Halifax Murder Charlie H. Saddle, 80, black
Thomas Cole Black 22 M June 4, 1915 Mecklenberg Rape Georgia Royster, 15, white
Lem Jones Black 19 M June 10, 1915 City of Norfolk Murder-Robbery Isaac Aleck, 22, Syrian
Luther Canter White 24 M June 11, 1915 Washington Murder-Rape Maude C. Wilson, 27, white
George Matthews Black 32 M August 20, 1915 Caroline Rape Burnley V. and Eulalia Coleman, 49 and 28, white
John Rollins Black 31 M
Ed Pryor Black 27 M September 10, 1915 Surry Highway robbery[bk] Cecil Clyde Pitman, 16, white[575][576]
Sherman Stanfield Black 18 M September 17, 1915 Pittsylvania Attempted rape Elizabeth Collie, 6, white
Percy Ellis Black 16 M March 15, 1916 City of Norfolk Murder Nathan Cohen, 37, white
Joe Lee Black 83 M April 21, 1916 Caroline Murder Jack Grymes, 41, black
John Williams Black 23 M May 28, 1916 Nottoway Rape Mamie Mason, 15, white
Milton Mallory Black 25 M July 7, 1916 Wise Rape Myra Jenkins, 9, white[577][bl]
Clifford Mickens Black 19 M August 25, 1916 City of Roanoke Murder J. Harvey Leverett, 22, white (policeman)
Richard Green Black 19 M Charlotte Murder Gabriel Jones, 11, black
Henry Lewis Black 23 M September 8, 1916 City of Lynchburg Murder Mary Willie Crawford, 22, black
James Corbett Black 22 M October 2, 1916 City of Norfolk Murder Ernest C. Manning, 32, white
Mincie Harris Black 19 M Buckingham Rape Lucretia Branch, 70s, white
Hansom Warren Black 23 M June 15, 1917 Isle of Wight Murder Thomas Jefferson Seward, 35, white
Robert Jones Black 32 M June 20, 1917 City of Charlottesville Murder Meredith A. Thomas, 41, white (policeman)[578]
Hamilton Cosby Black 25 M
Albert Barrett Black 35 M August 31, 1917 Charlotte Murder W. T. Roach, white
William Burgess Black 29 M October 26, 1917 Fairfax Rape Mildred Miller and Mary Davis, white[579][580]
Paul Langhorne Black 39 M June 7, 1918 City of Newport News Murder Dorothy Jones, 14, black (stepdaughter) Westmoreland Davis
Tolson Bailey Black 17 M July 2, 1918 City of Norfolk Murder-Robbery George Frederick Dashiell, 37, white
Guy Nixon Black 19 M
Horace Williams Black 21 M March 26, 1919 Culpeper Murder Orlando T. Clark, 50, white
Harvey Stuart Black 36 M City of Buena Vista Murder Matt Ross and Monica Evelyn Le Flett, 22 and 21, black
Jerry Warren Black 29 M June 27, 1919 Northampton Murder James A. Taylor, 62, white (policeman)
Emper Jacobs Black 29 M October 30, 1919 City of Portsmouth Murder Jack Turk, 21, white
Robert Williams Black 23 M November 13, 1920 City of Lynchburg Rape Annie Ross, 20, white
John Williams Black 27 M March 5, 1921 City of Lynchburg Murder Leslie Arthur Mann, 38, white (policeman)[bm]
Giles Sydnor Black 23 M April 8, 1921 Halifax Rape Lottie V. Cunningham, 24, black
William Turner Black 50 M June 24, 1921 Henrico (Federal)[bn] Murder-Robbery T. Morgan Moore, white[536]
Judge Griffith Black 22 M September 30, 1921 Dinwiddie Murder-Robbery Stephen G. Write, white (Harpers Home postmaster)[581]
Raleigh Haskins Black 18 M
Wilmer Hadley White 39 M December 9, 1921 Henrico Murder Sue Tinsley Hadley, white (wife)[582]
Harry Hart Black 23 M January 23, 1922 Augusta Attempted rape Virginia Garber, 17, white[583]
Edmond Thompson Black 23 M February 7, 1922 Botetourt Murder Peck Austin, 17, white[584] Elbert Lee Trinkle
Henry Lockett Black 34 M February 23, 1922 Albemarle Murder-Robbery Cornelius V. Ward, white[585]
Thomas Sparks Black 26 M February 24, 1922
Will Elmore Black 29 M March 31, 1922 City of Richmond[bo] Murder-Robbery T. Tignall Elmore, white (Tobacco postmaster)[581]
Henry Barnes Black 32 M April 4, 1922 Orange Murder Walter E. Snow, 35, white (guard)
Ernest Brown Black 20 M May 26, 1922
Willie Clayton Black 23 M January 5, 1923 Henrico Murder Three people, black[bp]
Alvin Harris Black 22 M February 6, 1923 Prince William Murder Thomas Semms Meredith, 61, white (Justice of the Peace)
George Wriggins Black 31 M March 2, 1923 City of Petersburg Murder Alice Wiggins, 30, black (wife)
Sam Riddick Black 32 M June 25, 1923 City of Newport News Murder Mary Ralls Simmons, 47, black
Robert Corbett Black 35 M September 28, 1923 City of Roanoke Murder Virgie Martin Griggs, 25, black
Otto Clear Black 18 M September 12, 1924 Caroline Murder-Robbery Thomas Richard Campbell, white[586]
Fritz Lewis Black 17 M
Isaac Cooper Black 39 M March 6, 1925 Roanoke Murder Australia Wiley, 16, black (stepdaughter)
Prince Dandridge Black 33 M March 12, 1925 Henrico Murder Mary Ross Dandridge, 25, black (wife)
Jesse Carter Black 30 M April 17, 1925 Prince Edward Rape Female, 15, white[587]
Percy Lee Black 34 M May 1, 1925 Henrico Attempted rape-Robbery Two females, black[588][589][bq]
Rodney Hoke White 19 M July 10, 1925 Alleghany Murder-Robbery "Old Man" Brown, 60+, white
Horace Allen Black 45 M July 17, 1925 Isle of Wight Murder-Robbery Sam T. Saunders, 49, white
Henry Perman Black 28 M September 29, 1925 City of Chesapeake Attempted rape Female, 19, white
Doc Earl McMillan Black 31 M October 9, 1925 City of Norfolk Murder Harold W. Gregory, 21, white
William Spencer Black 28 M January 22, 1926 Lee Murder-Rape Maxine Kinser, 13, white
Rudolph Disse White 20 M February 19, 1926 City of Richmond Murder Three people, white[590][br] Harry F. Byrd
Louis Watkins Black 28 M March 19, 1926 City of Richmond Murder Louis Bertucci, white (detective sergeant)[591]
James Patterson Black 37 M August 27, 1926 City of Petersburg Murder-Robbery Irvin Seid, 32, white
James Satchell Black 25 M September 25, 1926 Northampton Murder Lloyd Spale, black
William Gee Black 21 M January 14, 1927 City of Newport News Rape Female, elderly, white
William Thomas Black 23 M April 15, 1927 Madison Attempted rape Female, white[592]
Henry Perfey Black 21 M City of Chesapeake Murder Goldie L. Curling, 45, white
Louis Boersig White 44 M July 7, 1927 Fairfax Murder-Robbery Loretta and Catherine Ridgeway, 6 and 4, white[593]
William Nelson Black 25 M November 25, 1927 City of Hopewell Attempted rape Female, white
Shirley Winningham Black 25 M January 25, 1928 City of Richmond Murder-Rape Hilda Barlow, 13, white
Burn Gray Black 36 M May 18, 1928 City of Petersburg Murder J. Peyton Stewart, 57, white (policeman)
James Washington Black 19 M July 27, 1928 Loudoun Rape Gladys Boyd, 14, white
Henry Jones Black 20 M March 29, 1929 Mecklenburg Murder Female, white
Henry Palmer Black 27 M May 17, 1929 City of Norfolk Murder Bertha Cox, 38, white
Samuel Haskins Black 32 M September 6, 1929 Powhatan Murder-Robbery B. M. Gordon, 55, white[bs]
Luther Clayborn Black 35 M November 29, 1929 City of Roanoke Murder Frances White, 28, black
John Fields Black 23 M February 20, 1930 Gloucester Murder Christian Hogge, 32, white John Garland Pollard
Elwood Payne Black 33 M September 19, 1930 Fauquier Murder Estelle Corbin, 25, white[bt]
Alphonso Bellamy Black 19 M October 31, 1930 City of Newport News Murder-Robbery Richard P. Richards, 71, white
Ollie Dorson Black 40 M February 3, 1931 City of Virginia Beach Murder-Robbery James T. Howe, 58, white[bu]
Calvin Grooms Black 18 M June 26, 1931 Amherst Rape Mary E. Vail, 36, white
Sam Pannell Black 18 M May 20, 1932 Halifax Rape Lena Crews, 38, white
Randolph Cox Black 41 M June 3, 1932 Richmond Murder James Newton Wood, 38, white (policeman)
Frank Mann Black 38 M January 6, 1933 City of Suffolk Murder Dorothy Floyd Mann and David Floyd, 17 and 56, black (wife and father-in-law)
Robert Mais White 29 M February 2, 1935 City of Richmond Murder-Robbery Euell M. Huband, 44, white[bv] George C. Peery
Walter Legenza White 42 M
Phillip Jones Black 25 M March 11, 1935 Botetourt Murder-Rape Alice and Ellen Hill, 13 and 9, black
John Daugherty White 27 M February 7, 1936 Fluvanna Murder-Robbery William Raymond Thompson, 33, white (policeman)
Joe Jackson Black 23 M February 21, 1936 Spotsylvania Murder-Robbery John Thomas and Jennie C. Coleman, 77 and 65, white
John Shell Black 30 M
Isaac Watson Black 54 M July 3, 1936 Halifax Murder-Robbery William Thomas Powell, 73, white
Thomas Hart White 29 M July 24, 1936 Scott Murder Alton Leonard, 23, white (guard)
Willie Leake Black 30 M August 20, 1937 Greensville Murder-Robbery Billie Wright Smith, 30, black
Lawrence Wyche Black 30 M
John Winzor Black 25 M December 31, 1937 Loudoun Murder-Robbery Henry Saffel, 83, white
James Jackson Black 28 M March 25, 1938 City of Hampton Murder-Robbery Willie M. Kemp, 66, white James Hubert Price
Jasper McNeill Black 24 M Amherst Murder Clyde Poindexter Styers, 47, white[bw]
Joe Martin Black 31 M April 8, 1938 City of Lynchburg Murder-Robbery Grover C. Clement, 44, white
George Pingley White 44 M November 25, 1938 Frederick Murder James William Newcome, 46, white (policeman)
Otis Cypress Black 32 M Surry Murder-Robbery Frank Spratley, 61, black
Irving Brooks Black 23 M January 20, 1939 King William Robbery[bx] Eula P. Hand, 66, white[594]
John Anderson Black 27 M February 10, 1939 Loudoun Rape Lula V. Sisk, 25, white
Harry Williams Black 25 M April 7, 1939 Greene Murder Clarence Mills, 30, black
Sam Swanson Black 27 M December 15, 1939 Pittsylvania Murder William N. Coward, 44, white (policeman)
J. Clifton Abdell White 42 M January 5, 1940 City of Norfolk Murder Audrey Sharpe Abdell, 38, white (wife)
John Henry McCann Black 63 M January 26, 1940 City of Norfolk Attempted rape Female, 7, white[by]
Willie Bradshaw Black 66 M April 12, 1940 Halifax Murder Herbert Boelte, 36, white (policeman)
Wilmer Davis Black 25 M April 26, 1940 Southampton Murder Bessie Davis, 25, black (wife)
Charlie Brown Black 26 M September 26, 1941 Isle of Wight Rape Female, 23, white
William Diggs Black 24 M January 16, 1942 Nelson Murder-Rape-Robbery Gladys Mae Tyree, 18, white
Charles Johnson Jr. Black 19 M
Odell Waller Black 25 M July 2, 1942 Pittsylvania Murder Oscar Davis, 46, white Colgate Darden
James Mooring Jr. Black 22 M March 19, 1943 City of Norfolk Murder-Robbery Cornelius Grant Goodson, 68, white
Harry Farris White 28 M October 15, 1943 City of Richmond Murder-Robbery Vinichio Bichi, 36, white[bz]
Raymond Woodall White 36 M March 3, 1944 Pittsylvania Murder Ruth Terry Woodall and Julia Terry Giles, 36 and 34, white (wife and sister-in-law)
Howard Walker Black 27 M May 26, 1944 City of Winchester Rape Jessie H. Glaize, 26, white
William Clatterback White 34 M June 16, 1944 Loudoun Murder Five people, white[ca]
Willie Rogers Jones Black 29 M February 2, 1945 City of Norfolk Rape Female, white
Holman B. Thomas Black 41 M March 1, 1945 Lunenberg Murder Abb Kimball Fleming, 43, white (policeman)[595]
Raymond McDaniel White 30 M March 2, 1945 Campbell Murder Roy A. Alfred, white (cousin-in-law)[596]
Mancy Christian Black 27 M May 1, 1945 City of Suffolk Rape-Robbery Female, 15, white[597]
Lonnie Pearson Black 31 M August 3, 1945 City of Chesapeake Rape-Robbery Female, white[598]
Andrew Jackson Holloman Black 31 M January 11, 1946 City of Chesapeake Rape Female, 19, white[599]
Ernest Fagan Black 30 M February 15, 1946 City of Norfolk Murder-Robbery Horace Cox, 32, white[600] William M. Tuck
Nelson Cross Black 33 M April 15, 1946 City of Danville Murder Edward Johnson, 32, black[601]
Thomas Edward Harrison White 19 M May 20, 1946 Roanoke Murder-Robbery Roby M. Daugherty, 55, white[602][603][604][cb]
Arthur Johnson Black 22 M June 21, 1946 City of Virginia Beach Murder-Robbery Winston Mason, black[605]
James Hough Black 29 M
George Grissett Black 33 M
Robert Holland Black 22 M September 13, 1946 Accomack Murder-Robbery George S. Broughton, 46, white[606]
James Fletcher Black 24 M
Amon J. Gusler White 52 M January 3, 1947 Henry Murder J. Russell Smith, 38, white[607]
Ephriam Thomas Black 27 M May 30, 1947[608] City of Suffolk Murder Lenora Hamlin, black[609]
William Davis Black 43 M July 18, 1947 Fauquier Murder-Robbery John Holcombe Woodson, 63, white (Southern Railway detective)[608]
Buford Morton Black 30 M October 17, 1947 City of Danville Rape Ruby Andrews, 27, white[610][cc]
Raymond Laurence Black 30 M October 24, 1947 City of Newport News Murder Charles N. Doughty, 31 white (patrolman)[611]
Sam Baldwin Black 35 M January 23, 1948 Accomack Murder Bertha Wright (ex-girlfriend) and John McCabe, 23 and 25, black[612]
John Brooks Black 20 M April 23, 1948 Halifax Rape-Robbery Two females, white[613]
Johnnie Edward James Black 30 M October 29, 1948 City of Norfolk Murder-Rape Female, black
Alfred Rayfield Black 35 M November 17, 1950 Accomack Murder William West, 50, black[614] John S. Battle
Ben Franklin Fuller Black 42 M December 8, 1950 Mecklenburg Murder Joe Thompson, black[615]
George Hailey White 24 M February 2, 1951[616] Halifax Murder-Rape Marian Floyd, 14, white[617]
Joe Hampton Black 21 M City of Martinsville Rape Ruby Stroud Floyd, 34, white[cd]
Howard Hairston Black 20 M
Booker Millner Black 22 M
Frank Hairston Jr. Black 20 M
John C. Taylor Black 23 M February 5, 1951[616]
James L. Hairston Black 22 M
Francis Grayson Black 38 M
Ulysses Jones Black 32 M July 13, 1951 City of Suffolk Murder-Rape Doris Chapman, 10, black
Floyd Joyner Jr. Black 39 M December 12, 1951 Roanoke Murder Addie G. McCormack, 48, white[ce]
Albert Jackson Jr. Black 24 M August 25, 1952 City of Charlottesville Rape Female, 40, white[618][cf]
John Kensinger White 29 M May 26, 1954 Arlington Murder-Robbery Leroy F. Applegate, 46, white[619] Thomas B. Stanley
Sterling Groom Black 48 M October 14, 1954 Culpeper Murder-Robbery Jeremiah Jasper Barthelow, 69, white[620][cg]
Alonzo Russell Black 41 M July 14, 1955 Rockbridge Murder-Rape-Burglary Emma Moore Duncan, 56, white[621][622][ch]
John Lewis Gregory Jr. Black 23 M June 4, 1957 City of Norfolk Murder-Robbery[ci] David Weinstein, 72, white[623][cj]
Lloyd J. Doby Black 26 M July 12, 1957 Southampton Rape-Robbery Lillian Vann Scott, 48, white[624]
Jeremiah McCray Black 24 M April 18, 1958 Caroline Murder-Rape-Robbery Jeanette M. Griffin, 49, white[625][ck] J. Lindsay Almond
E. J. Sherod Black 24 M June 6, 1958 City of Richmond Murder-Robbery Clara Wingfield, 31, black[626]
Clarence Dabney Black 25 M November 21, 1958 City of Lynchburg Murder William Owen Grubbs, 26, white[627]
William Brown Black 56 M April 24, 1959 Caroline Murder James S. Brooks, 35, white[cl]
Willis Boyd White 24 M Goochland Murder-Robbery Bennett Ranson Jr., 51, white[628]
Harry Eugene Fuller Black 31 M June 30, 1960 City of Alexandria Murder Bobby Gene Padgett, 28, white (policeman)[629]
Linwood Bunch Black 22 M February 17, 1961 City of Newport News Rape-Burglary Female, 49, white[630][631][632][cm]
Grover Lucas White 57 M March 10, 1961 City of Roanoke Murder Connie Lucas, 48, white (wife)[633][cn]
Claude Hart Jr. White 32 M November 17, 1961 City of Norfolk Murder Robert C. Wash, white (detective)[634]
Jim Cobbs Black 46 M December 8, 1961 Halifax Murder James Algie Buckner, 60, white[635][636]
Carroll L. Garland Black 27 M March 2, 1962 City of Lynchburg Murder-Robbery Jimmy N. Nuckles, 27, white[637] Albertis Harrison

See also

Notes

  1. ^ His owner's three daughters, Jane Hunt, Lilly Ann Hunt, and Obedience Hunt, ages 8, 12, and 18.
  2. ^ Change of venue from Giles County.
  3. ^ Condemned on three counts: burning a haystack, burglarizing and burning Knight's home, and burglarizing Gill's home and burning his barn.
  4. ^ Burglarized Teale's home, and raped Wade who was inside.
  5. ^ Change of venue from Albemarle County.
  6. ^ Then part of the District of Columbia.
  7. ^ Ship's passengers and crew murdered in the Atlantic Ocean during a hijacking.
  8. ^ Judy was loaned to Brunson by her legal owner, Mildred Ware.
  9. ^ Adam and Sandy were slaves of Boyer, Davy was a slave of Thomas Jones.
  10. ^ Confessed to committing up to 13 previous murders, including that of Capt. McClelland "at the Dock" in January 1829. This murder was of his sergeant at Bellona Arsenal.
  11. ^ Free black, supported Nat Turner's rebellion.
  12. ^ Also murdered her sibling, both children of their owner, George Mayse.
  13. ^ Also attempted to murder another white woman.
  14. ^ Tried and executed as a free man, but retroactively determined to have actually been a slave in 1855.
  15. ^ Smith was a slave of Terry, and Henry was a slave of John Johnson.
  16. ^ Henry Bradley was a slave of Grant, Major Morris was a slave of Thomas I. Carter.
  17. ^ The overseer was turned "into a maniac" as a result of his injuries.
  18. ^ Dick and John were slaves of M. L. Spencer, Colin was a slave of John A. Johns and implicated due to his wife being a slave of Spencer.
  19. ^ Granted a pregnancy respite on June 11, 1861, and executed later in the year.
  20. ^ Crime committed in Culpeper County, transferred to Richmond due to Union advances.
  21. ^ Federal death sentence by the Confederate government.
  22. ^ Crime committed in Oxford, North Carolina, transferred to Richmond by Confederate authorities due to Union advances.
  23. ^ Crime committed in King William County, transferred to Richmond due to Union advances.
  24. ^ Set a haystack on fire, most likely sentenced to death because he set the fire to attempt to lure a white man, William Day, "into a deadly trap."
  25. ^ Robbed the storehouse of James T. Butler & Co., stealing "a large consignment of boots and shoes."
  26. ^ Believed to be the last slave to be executed in the United States.
  27. ^ "Carnal knowledge of a Minor."
  28. ^ Former slave of Jeremiah Herndon.
  29. ^ Serial arsonist, burned numerous buildings starting in 1874.
  30. ^ First private executions.
  31. ^ "C. K. of a Minor."
  32. ^ Previously arraigned for another murder in South Carolina but released on a legal technicality.
  33. ^ Convicted of starting a fire that destroyed 22 buildings in Rocky Mount.
  34. ^ Suspected, but not convicted, of murdering the man whose wife he later married. Hylton was this man's brother-in-law.
  35. ^ Ira Mullins, his wife, his son, and his brother John Mullins.
  36. ^ Fugitive from Bedford County for another rape at the time of this crime.
  37. ^ Also attempted another rape, assaulted and murdered a child, and attempted to murder a man within the same 2 hour period as this crime.
  38. ^ Last woman to be executed for the infanticide of her own child in the United States.
  39. ^ Mulatto.
  40. ^ Serial rapist, confessed to raping three other women before his execution.
  41. ^ His mistress Ellen Chapman, her nephew George Lee, and Eddie Chapman.
  42. ^ Murdered in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Brazil, en route from the River Platte to Boston. Also shot a mate and ordered the other crew to throw him overboard while still alive.
  43. ^ Also attempted to murder the victim.
  44. ^ Only hanging to take place at the state penitentiary.
  45. ^ Serial rapist, confessed to several similar crimes before his execution.
  46. ^ Hanged at the state prison farm.
  47. ^ Previously murdered Harry Vanover in Letcher County, Kentucky and was sentenced to life in prison in 1887, but was pardoned 15 years later.
  48. ^ Confessed to murdering a freight brakeman in Clifton Forge, a man in the suburbs of Charlotte, North Carolina, and an unidentified man found dead near Danville; denied murdering Jake Lee.
  49. ^ Confessed to murdering two other women in Ohio and Pennsylvania respectively as well as attacking numerous women.
  50. ^ Murdered Shinberger while he was attempting to arrest Goode for murdering Richard Fox, black.
  51. ^ Also convicted of murdering his adopted son; denied committing either murder.
  52. ^ Confessed to murdering a Romani man, Joseph Smith, in Pennsylvania; denied killing Charles Smith.
  53. ^ Confessed to an earlier similar crime before his execution.
  54. ^ Elizabeth Justus, her son-in-law George Meadows, his wife Lydia, and their three children Will, Noah, and Lafayette. Previously given a life sentence (and pardoned) for the murder of George Kinney in Kentucky.
  55. ^ Also attempted to murder the victim. Jackson beat him in the head with a brick and then an iron bar, after which he slit his mouth with a knife, cut off one of his ears, and left him for dead. The victim was conscious during the entire attack.
  56. ^ Last female juvenile offender to be executed in the United States.
  57. ^ Also charged with the attempted rape of Maggie Robinson, white.
  58. ^ Crime committed in Carroll County, venue changed.
  59. ^ Also killed judge Thornton L. Massie, sheriff L. F. Webb, juror Augustus Fowler, and spectator Elizabeth Ayres.
  60. ^ Also killed Elijah Hackett, black, at a woman's home in Greenwood, South Carolina, later killing Pitts while a fugitive.
  61. ^ Also assaulted the victim, who later died from his injuries.
  62. ^ Also convicted of assault for beating victim with a rock.
  63. ^ Also attempted to murder the victim by hacking him with a meat cleaver and left him for dead.
  64. ^ Serial rapist, also raped five other white girls, aged 5 to 11 years, over several weeks using drugged candy.
  65. ^ Previously killed two policemen in Greenville, South Carolina and was a fugitive at the time of this crime.
  66. ^ Crime committed in Alexandria County (now Arlington County), venue changed. Hanged at the Henrico County Jail, rather than electrocuted at the state prison, due to federal jurisdiction.
  67. ^ Apparent change of venue from Brunswick County.
  68. ^ 21-year-old wife Gertrude Brown Clayton, 44-year-old father-in-law Albert Brown, and 37-year-old aunt Melinda Carter.
  69. ^ Serial rapist, also attacked three white women and one black woman. Also a fugitive from Louisiana, where he had escaped prison after serving part of a prison term there for attempted rape.
  70. ^ 39-year-old police detective J. Harvey Burke, 19-year-old Vivian Tomlin Peers, and 18-year-old H. G. Carter.
  71. ^ Also suspected in the murder of Arthur Edgar Trainer (60, white).
  72. ^ Also killed Estelle Corbin's father, 56-year-old Alfin C. Corbin.
  73. ^ Also previously murdered John W. Brickhouse (62, white).
  74. ^ Also killed Richmond policeman William A. Toot (58, white) and Philadelphia racketeer William Weiss (44, white)
  75. ^ Also suspected of killing Henry A. Gurley (65, white) in Charlotte, North Carolina.
  76. ^ Also assaulted the victim, who died from her injuries after the trial.
  77. ^ Serial rapist, also attacked three other girls ages 3, 7, and 10 in Norfolk after being released from Massachusetts State Prison for statutory rape.
  78. ^ Also killed another man under identical circumstances the day prior.
  79. ^ 59-year-old Andrus Morris Love, his 58-year-old wife Ruth G. Love, their 22-year-old son James W. Love, 27-year-old Walter Russell, and his 25-year-old wife Katherine Russell.
  80. ^ Also suspected in the murders of William Ralph Chattin (30, white) and Roy R. Rice (50, white).
  81. ^ Also attacked Ethel Widdifield (29, white). Buford was charged with attempted rape, albeit the charge was later changed to assault. He received a 12-month sentence and a $500 fine in this case.
  82. ^ All seven men were posthumously granted simple pardons in 2021. The guilt of the men has historically not been disputed, nor did the pardons question their convictions. Rather, they acknowledged that the trial of the defendants were unfair and their sentences were racially biased.
  83. ^ Trusty at a convict road camp.
  84. ^ Previously raped a black woman and served two years of a 10-year sentence.
  85. ^ Previously murdered a woman and served prison time for the crime.
  86. ^ Serial rapist, previously convicted of the attempted rape of Duncan's daughter and later the rape of another woman. Also charged with raping a black girl.
  87. ^ Received additional death sentence for first degree robbery.
  88. ^ Previously convicted of raping a Japanese woman while serving in the U.S. Air Force.
  89. ^ Serial killer, also murdered four other people.
  90. ^ Also murdered Brooks's mother, 74-year-old Katherine S. Brooks.
  91. ^ Serial rapist, also raped a pregnant 17-year-old white girl and a 56-year-old white woman.
  92. ^ Also murdered their two children, 11-year-old Mildred Joyce and 9-year-old Dennis Fred, and attempted to murder their 15-year-old stepdaughter, born from Connie's first marriage, whom he had attempted to abuse on several occasions.

References

  1. ^ "Executions in Virginia - 1801-1830 - DeathPenaltyUSA, the database of executions in the United States". deathpenaltyusa.org. Retrieved 2025-10-25.
  2. ^ "Executions in Virginia - 1831-1900 - DeathPenaltyUSA, the database of executions in the United States". deathpenaltyusa.org. Retrieved 2025-10-10.
  3. ^ "Executions in Virginia - 1901-1962 - DeathPenaltyUSA, the database of executions in the United States". deathpenaltyusa.org. Retrieved 2025-02-02.
  4. ^ Hearn, Daniel Allen (2015-07-13). Legal Executions in Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia: A Comprehensive Registry, 1866-1962. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-9540-5.
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  25. ^ "Murders of children of James Hunt". Richmond Enquirer. 1822-01-12. p. 3. Retrieved 2025-12-13.
  26. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  27. ^ Johnston, David Emmons (1906). A History of Middle New River Settlements and Contiguous Territory. Standard Ptg. & Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-78987-531-7. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
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  45. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  46. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  47. ^ Woods, Edgar (1901). Albemarle County in Virginia: Giving Some Account of what it was by Nature, of what it was Made by Man, and of Some of the Men who Made it. Michie Company, printers.
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  56. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  57. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  58. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  59. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  60. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  61. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  62. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  63. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  64. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  65. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  66. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  67. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  68. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  69. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  70. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  71. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
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  73. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  74. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  75. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  76. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  77. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  78. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  79. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  80. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  81. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  82. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  83. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  84. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  85. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  86. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  87. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  88. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  89. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  90. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  91. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  92. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  93. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  94. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  95. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  96. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  97. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  98. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  99. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  100. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  101. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  102. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  103. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  104. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  105. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  106. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  107. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  108. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  109. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  110. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  111. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  112. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  113. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  114. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  115. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  116. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  117. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  118. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  119. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  120. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  121. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  122. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  123. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  124. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  125. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  126. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  127. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  128. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  129. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  130. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  131. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  132. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  133. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  134. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  135. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  136. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  137. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  138. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  139. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  140. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  141. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  142. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  143. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  144. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  145. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  146. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  147. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  148. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  149. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  150. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  151. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  152. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  153. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  154. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  155. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  156. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  157. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  158. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  159. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  160. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  161. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  162. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated
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  164. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  165. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  166. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  167. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  168. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  169. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  170. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  171. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  172. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  173. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  174. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  175. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  176. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  177. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  178. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  179. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  180. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  181. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  182. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  183. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  184. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  185. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  186. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  187. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  188. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  189. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  190. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  191. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  192. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  193. ^ William Epes, 1848 December 22, Espy Archive
  194. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  195. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  196. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  197. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  198. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  199. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  200. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
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  203. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  204. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  205. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  206. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  207. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  208. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  209. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  210. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
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  212. ^ a b Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
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  216. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
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  218. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  219. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  220. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  221. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  222. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  223. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  224. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  225. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  226. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  227. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  228. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  229. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  230. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  231. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  232. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  233. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  234. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  235. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  236. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  237. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  238. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  239. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  240. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  241. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  242. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  243. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  244. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  245. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  246. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  247. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  248. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  249. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  250. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  251. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  252. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  253. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  254. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  255. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  256. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  257. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  258. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  259. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  260. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  261. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  262. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  263. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  264. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  265. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  266. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  267. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  268. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  269. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  270. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  271. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  272. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  273. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  274. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  275. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  276. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  277. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  278. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  279. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  280. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  281. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  282. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  283. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  284. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  285. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  286. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  287. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  288. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  289. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  290. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  291. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  292. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  293. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  294. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  295. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  296. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  297. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  298. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  299. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  300. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  301. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  302. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  303. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  304. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  305. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  306. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  307. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  308. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  309. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  310. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  311. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  312. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  313. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  314. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  315. ^ John G. Robertson, 1866 December 28, Espy Archive
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  317. ^ Isaac Yarborough, 1867 November 1, Espy Archive
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  319. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  320. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  321. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  322. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  323. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  324. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  325. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  326. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
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  328. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
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  330. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  331. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  332. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  333. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
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  336. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  337. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  338. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
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  340. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  341. ^ William Jackson, 1873 August 15, Espy Archive
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  356. ^ John Dean, 1879 December 19, Espy Archive
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  358. ^ Samuel Robinson, 1880 April 9, Espy Archive
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  362. ^ Albert Mitchell, 1880 November 5, Espy Archive
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  365. ^ Dock Wright, 1882 March 31, Espy Archive
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  373. ^ John Jarvis, 1884 January 11, Espy Archive
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  388. ^ George Early, Bird Woods, 1890 August 22, Espy Archive
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  394. ^ "Telegraphic Sparks". The Morning Herald. October 24, 1891. p. 1. Retrieved October 10, 2025.
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  397. ^ Charles Watkins, 1892 January 8, Espy Archive
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  399. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  400. ^ Talton Hall, 1892 September 2, Espy Archive
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  404. ^ M. W. Taylor, 1893 October 27, Espy Archive
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  407. ^ Lawrence Spiller, 1894 June 8, Espy Archive
  408. ^ "A Hanging in Norfolk". Paterson Daily Press. August 1, 1894. p. 2. Retrieved October 10, 2025.
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  413. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  414. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  415. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  416. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  417. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  418. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  419. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  420. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  421. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
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  432. ^ John Hardin, 1897 December 17, Espy Archive
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  435. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
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  439. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  440. ^ John Andersen, 1898 December 9, Espy Archive
  441. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
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  444. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
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  448. ^ "Virginia News". The Daily Star. March 24, 1900. p. 2. Retrieved October 14, 2025.
  449. ^ "Article clipped from Richmond Dispatch". Richmond Dispatch. 1900-06-20. p. 5. Retrieved 2025-11-21.
  450. ^ "Charles Hairston - executed". Richmond Dispatch. 1900-06-21. p. 4. Retrieved 2025-11-21.
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  452. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
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  454. ^ "Hanged In Prison". Baltimore Morning Herald. December 14, 1900. p. 10. Retrieved October 8, 2025.
  455. ^ John Holden, 1900 December 21, Espy Archive
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  460. ^ Cicero Harris, 1901 December 20, Espy Archive
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  467. ^ "Negro Boy Hanged". Baltimore Morning Herald. September 24, 1902. p. 3. Retrieved October 14, 2025.
  468. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  469. ^ "Hanged for Wife Murder". Baltimore Morning Herald. October 25, 1902. p. 3. Retrieved October 9, 2025.
  470. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  471. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  472. ^ "First Hanging On State Convict Farm". Baltimore Morning Herald. January 2, 1903. p. 3. Retrieved October 8, 2025.
  473. ^ "Negro Murderer Goes Boldly To The Gallows". Baltimore Morning Herald. January 10, 1903. p. 3. Retrieved October 9, 2025.
  474. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  475. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
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  477. ^ "Kentucky Negro Is Hanged". The St. Joseph Daily News. June 13, 1903. p. 16. Retrieved October 9, 2025.
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  487. ^ "Paid The Penalty On The Scaffold". Baltimore Morning Herald. March 19, 1904. p. 7. Retrieved October 9, 2025.
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  492. ^ "Murderer Baptized And Then Hanged". The Meriden Daily Journal. January 6, 1905. p. 1. Retrieved October 9, 2025.
  493. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  494. ^ J. Samuel McCue, 1905 February 10, Espy Archive
  495. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  496. ^ "Double Hanging At Henrico Jail". The Daily Star. March 16, 1905. p. 2. Retrieved October 8, 2025.
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  506. ^ "Hanged". The Daily Star. May 18, 1906. p. 2. Retrieved October 9, 2025.
  507. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  508. ^ "Throughout The Country". The Philadelphia Record. June 9, 1906. p. 1. Retrieved October 9, 2025.
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  515. ^ "Rope Broke". Mansfield Daily Shield. February 15, 1907. p. 1. Retrieved October 8, 2025.
  516. ^ "Negro Is Hanged". Youngstown Vindicator. March 8, 1907. p. 1. Retrieved October 9, 2025.
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  518. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
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  523. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  524. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
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  526. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  527. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  528. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  529. ^ "Walter Rippey". Clinch Valley News and Richlands Press. 1908-03-27. p. 1. Retrieved 2025-11-21.
  530. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  531. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  532. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  533. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  534. ^ a b "Condensed News Items". New Oxford Item. April 15, 1909. p. 1. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
  535. ^ "Electric Chair for Virginia". Easton Free Press. March 5, 1908. p. 18. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
  536. ^ a b "Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2025-10-14.
  537. ^ Brandon, Craig (2016-03-03). The Electric Chair: An Unnatural American History. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-5101-2.
  538. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Henry Smith". Espy Archive. 1908-10-13.
  539. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Winston Green". Espy Archive. 1908-10-30.
  540. ^ "(Untitled section)". Youngstown Vindicator. January 4, 1909. p. 6. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
  541. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Charles Gillespie". Espy Archive. 1909-02-18.
  542. ^ "Summary of the execution of Benjamin Gilbert". Espy Archive. 1909-03-19.
  543. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Aurelius Christian". Espy Archive. 1909-03-22.
  544. ^ "Documentation for the execution of James Smith". Espy Archive. 1909-04-08.
  545. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Harry Seaborne". Espy Archive. 1909-04-16.
  546. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Lewis Jenkins, Isham Taylor, Joe Taylor, John Brown, William Brown". Espy Archive. 1909-05-07.
  547. ^ "Second Electrocution in Virginia". Wolverine Citizen. September 25, 1909. p. 1. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
  548. ^ "Lynchburg Slayer Electrocuted". Gettysburg Times. November 13, 1909. p. 3. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
  549. ^ "Summary of the execution of Clifton Breckenridge". Espy Archive. 1909-12-17.
  550. ^ "Summary of the execution of Howard Little". Espy Archive. 1910-02-11.
  551. ^ "Two Men Electrocuted". The Republican. February 12, 1910. p. 2. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
  552. ^ "Escaped Convict Electrocuted". Gettysburg Times. April 26, 1910. p. 2. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
  553. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Henry Smith". Espy Archive. 1908-10-13.
  554. ^ "Sentenced To Die; Make Their Escape". Herald-Journal. March 30, 1910. p. 7. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
  555. ^ "Dies In Electric Chair". The Observer. July 5, 1910. p. 1. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
  556. ^ "Summary of the execution of Arch Brown". Espy Archive. 1910-09-22.
  557. ^ "Documentation for the execution of John Eccles". Espy Archive. 1910-11-11.
  558. ^ a b "Two Murderers Electrocuted". Portsmouth Daily Times. December 16, 1910. p. 1. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
  559. ^ "To Electrocute Negro". The Evening Independent. May 11, 1911. p. 3. Retrieved February 3, 2025.
  560. ^ "Henry Beattie Electrocuted". The Free Lance. November 25, 1911. p. 3. Retrieved February 3, 2025.
  561. ^ "Negro Must Die". Herald-Journal. April 6, 1912. p. 1. Retrieved February 3, 2025.
  562. ^ a b "To Be Electrocuted". Daily Star. June 20, 1912. Retrieved February 3, 2025.
  563. ^ "ROBBERY SENDS HIM TO THE CHAIR". Virginia Chronicle. 1912-06-20.
  564. ^ "Charge Of Murder". The Free Lance. July 9, 1912. p. 3. Retrieved February 3, 2025.
  565. ^ "Richard Quarles - tried and sentenced to death". Daily Press. 1912-09-24. p. 8. Retrieved 2025-10-07.
  566. ^ "Documentation for the execution of Roy Sullivan". Espy Archive. 1913-02-28.
  567. ^ "Summary of the execution of Floyd Allen, Claude Allen". Espy Archive. 1913-03-28.
  568. ^ "Send Negro To Chair". Herald-Journal. March 13, 1913. p. 2. Retrieved February 3, 2025.
  569. ^ "Hargrove". The Free Lance. March 1, 1913. p. 7. Retrieved February 3, 2025.
  570. ^ "White And Negro Are Electrocuted". Herald-Journal. June 28, 1913. p. 1. Retrieved February 3, 2025.
  571. ^ "Summary of the execution of William Glenn". Espy Archive. 1913-08-16.
  572. ^ a b "White Man and Negro Die In Chair". New Oxford Item. December 11, 1913. p. 1. Retrieved February 3, 2025.
  573. ^ "Virginian Is Electrocuted". The Evening Independent. July 10, 1914. p. 8. Retrieved October 2, 2025.
  574. ^ "William Puryear - sentenced to die in chair". Alexandria Gazette. 1914-06-30. p. 1. Retrieved 2025-10-07.
  575. ^ "THEY BEG STUART TO SPARE LIFE OF ROBBER". Virginia Chronicle. 1915-09-09.
  576. ^ "LAWYERS PLEAD IN VAIN FOR NEGRO HIGHWAYMAN". Virginia Chronicle. 1915-09-10.
  577. ^ "Milton Mallory". Clinch Valley News and Richlands Press. 1916-05-19. p. 1. Retrieved 2025-11-12.
  578. ^ "Eleventh-Hour Appeal For Condemned Negroes". Richmond Times-Dispatch. June 20, 1917. p. 12. Retrieved October 2, 2025.
  579. ^ "Sheriff's Action Foils Lynchers". The World-News. August 28, 1917. p. 10. Retrieved October 2, 2025.
  580. ^ "Burgess sends mom Farewell note". The Evening Leader. Staunton, Virginia. 1917-08-27. p. 1. Retrieved 2025-10-07.
  581. ^ a b "Negro Dies In Chair". St. Petersburg Times. October 1, 1921. p. 2. Retrieved October 3, 2025.
  582. ^ "Wilmer Hadley Is Electrocuted". Aurora Daily Star. December 10, 1921. p. 7. Retrieved October 3, 2025.
  583. ^ "Negro Pays Penalty". St. Petersburg Times. January 24, 1922. p. 4. Retrieved October 3, 2025.
  584. ^ "Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2025-11-21.
  585. ^ "Negro Murderers Executed". The Evening Leader. Staunton, Virginia. February 25, 1922. p. 1. Retrieved October 14, 2025.
  586. ^ "2 Caroline Negroes Electrocuted". The Daily Star. September 12, 1924. p. 1. Retrieved October 3, 2025.
  587. ^ "CARTER GETS DEATH SENTENCE". Virginia Chronicle. 1925-02-07.
  588. ^ "Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  589. ^ "Annette Lumb 1925 performance in SD meetings". New Castle News. 1925-05-01. p. 13. Retrieved 2025-11-12.
  590. ^ "Slayer Dies In Electric Chair". The Southeast Missourian. February 19, 1926. p. 10. Retrieved October 3, 2025.
  591. ^ "Dies In Electric Chair For Detective's Death". The Telegraph-Herald. March 19, 1926. p. 1. Retrieved October 3, 2025.
  592. ^ "Electrocute Two Negroes In Virginia". Lewiston Evening Journal. April 15, 1927. p. 1. Retrieved October 3, 2025.
  593. ^ "Child Beater Electrocuted". Biddeford Weekly Journal. July 8, 1927. p. 1. Retrieved October 3, 2025.
  594. ^ "Brooks Victim Dies in N.Y." Virginia Chronicle. 1938-04-01.
  595. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  596. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  597. ^ "(Cannot view title)". The Evening Leader. Staunton, Virginia. February 24, 1945. p. 4. Retrieved October 5, 2025.
  598. ^ "Negro Is Executed In Electric Chair". The Free Lance-Star. August 3, 1945. p. 6. Retrieved October 5, 2025.
  599. ^ "Verdict In Negro Murder Trial Postponed". Virginia Chronicle. 1959-01-13.
  600. ^ "Article clipped from Richmond Times-Dispatch". Richmond Times-Dispatch. 1946-02-16. p. 5. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  601. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  602. ^ "Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  603. ^ "Roby D". The Roanoke Times. 1946-01-30. p. 5. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  604. ^ "Daugherty Killer Dies in Chair". The Free Lance-Star. May 20, 1946. p. 2. Retrieved October 5, 2025.
  605. ^ "Negro Killers Die In Electric Chair". The Free Lance-Star. June 21, 1946. p. 2. Retrieved October 5, 2025.
  606. ^ "Two Negroes Die In State Electric Chair". The Free Lance-Star. September 13, 1946. p. 1. Retrieved October 5, 2025.
  607. ^ "Kiss Stealer Dies In Chair". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. January 3, 1947. p. 3. Retrieved October 5, 2025.
  608. ^ a b "Execution Dates Set for 3 Men in Death Row". Richmond Afro American. May 24, 1947. p. 6. Retrieved October 5, 2025.
  609. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  610. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  611. ^ "Negro, Who Murdered Policeman, Electrocuted". The Free Lance-Star. October 24, 1947. p. 9. Retrieved October 5, 2025.
  612. ^ Sam Baldwin, 1948 January 23, Espy Archive
  613. ^ "Negro Executed". Spokane Daily Chronicle. April 23, 1948. p. 22. Retrieved October 5, 2025.
  614. ^ Alfred Rayfield, 1950 November 17, Espy Archive
  615. ^ "Killer Electrocuted In Richmond Today". The Free Lance-Star. December 8, 1950. p. 2. Retrieved October 6, 2025.
  616. ^ a b "Four Negroes Executed For Rape". Lewiston Evening Journal. February 2, 1951. pp. 1–14. Retrieved October 6, 2025.
  617. ^ George Hailey, 1951 February 2, Espy Archive
  618. ^ Albert Jackson Jr., 1952 August 25, Espy Archive
  619. ^ John Kensinger, 1954 May 26, Espy Archive
  620. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  621. ^ "Article clipped from The Daily Progress". The Daily Progress. 1955-01-11. p. 1. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
  622. ^ "Russell Trial Delayed". Virginia Chronicle. 1955-03-30.
  623. ^ "Double Death Sentence For Merchant's Slayer". Virginia Chronicle. 1957-04-04.
  624. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  625. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  626. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  627. ^ "Admitted Ax Slayer Dies In Electric Chair". Ocala Star-Banner. November 21, 1958. p. 7. Retrieved October 6, 2025.
  628. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  629. ^ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated, Espy Archive
  630. ^ "Linwood Bunch - Fingerprint evidence link Bunch to rape case. FBI helps". Daily Press. 1958-10-08. p. 17. Retrieved 2025-10-07.
  631. ^ "Linwood Bunch (Rape)". Daily Press. 1961-02-17. p. 3. Retrieved 2025-10-07.
  632. ^ "Linwood Bunch - dies in the chair at the state pen". Daily Press. 1961-02-18. p. 3. Retrieved 2025-10-07.
  633. ^ Grover Lucas, 1961 March 10, Espy Archive
  634. ^ "Death Sentence Is Carried Out For Claude Hart". The Free Lance-Star. November 17, 1961. p. 6. Retrieved October 6, 2025.
  635. ^ "Farmhand Gets Death Sentence In Gun Slaying". Daily Press. September 28, 1961. p. 22. Retrieved October 6, 2025.
  636. ^ "Convinced Slayer Is Electrocuted". The Free Lance-Star. December 8, 1961. p. 1. Retrieved October 6, 2025.
  637. ^ "State Executes Lynchburg Man". The Daily Progress. March 2, 1962. p. 3. Retrieved October 6, 2025.
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